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Negative-strand RNA viruses

Section Editor: Bert Rima, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
Deputy Section Editor: John Barr, University of Leeds, UK ​​​​​​​

The Negative-strand RNA viruses section of Virology Journal aims to publish research articles and reviews covering all aspects of segmented and non-segmented negative strand RNA viruses from all eukaryotes. Basic research topics of interest include aspects of the viral life cycle: viral entry, intracellular capsid transport and disassembly, viral gene expression/regulation, protein processing/regulation, viral genome replication, particle assembly and egress as wells as virus-host interactions. Medical research topics of interest include but are not limited to viral pathogenesis, epidemiology, immunology, therapies and emergence of drug-resistant variants. We also welcome basic and translational studies on the development of antiviral drugs and vaccines. Interdisciplinary research on these viruses using multiple approaches is particularly welcome.

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  1. The immunosuppressive microenvironment in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is a major factor that limits the benefits of immunotherapy, especially immune checkpoint blockade. One viable strategy for reverting ...

    Authors: Sijia Tang, Lei Shi, Breona T. Luker, Channen Mickler, Bhavana Suresh, Gregory B. Lesinski, Daping Fan, Yuan Liu and Ming Luo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:32
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Glioblastoma is one of the most serious brain cancer. Previous studies have demonstrated that PTEN function disorder affects the causing and exacerbation of glioblastoma. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) has been...

    Authors: Sung Hoon Jang, Bo-Kyoung Jung, Yong Hee An and Hyun Jang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Arbovirus surveillance and recurrence of outbreaks in Kenya continues to reveal the re-emergence of viruses of public health importance. This calls for sustained efforts in early detection and characterization...

    Authors: Hellen Koka, Joel Lutomiah, Solomon Langat, Edith Koskei, Albert Nyunja, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Samuel Owaka, Victor Ofula, Samson Konongoi, Fredrick Eyase and Rosemary Sang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:204
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a zoonotic life-threatening viral infection endemic across sub-Saharan African countries and the Arabian Peninsula; however, there is a growing panic of its spread to non-ende...

    Authors: Raymond Tshepiso Makola, Joe Kgaladi, Garland Kgosi More, Petrus Jansen van Vuren, Janusz Tadeusz Paweska and Thabe Moses Matsebatlela
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:116
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are leading causes of viral severe acute respiratory illnesses in childhood. Both the two viruses belong to the Pneumoviridae family and show ove...

    Authors: John W. Oketch, Everlyn Kamau, James R. Otieno, Anthony Mwema, Clement Lewa, Everlyne Isoe, D. James Nokes and Charles N. Agoti
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:104
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) causes high amounts of morbidity and mortality worldwide every year. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major pathogen of ARTIs in children. In this study, we aimed to...

    Authors: Chao Wang, Tianli Wei, Fenlian Ma, Hao Wang, Jianqiang Guo, Aijun Chen, Yiman Huang, Zhiping Xie and Lishu Zheng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:40
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in infants, children, immunocompromised adults, and elderly individuals. Currently, there are few therapeutic optio...

    Authors: Saisai Wang, Yiting Ling, Yuanyuan Yao, Gang Zheng and Wenbin Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2020 17:187
    Content type: Research Published on:

  8. Nipah virus (NiV) is an emerging zoonotic paramyxovirus that causes severe encephalitis and respiratory disease with a high mortality rate in humans. During large outbreaks of the viral disease, serological te...

    Authors: Shumpei Watanabe, Shuetsu Fukushi, Toshihiko Harada, Masayuki Shimojima, Tomoki Yoshikawa, Takeshi Kurosu, Yoshihiro Kaku, Shigeru Morikawa and Masayuki Saijo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2020 17:151
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. An effective vaccine that prevents disease caused by hantaviruses is a global public health priority, but up to now, no vaccine has been approved for worldwide use. Therefore, novel vaccines with high prophyla...

    Authors: Ying Ma, Kang Tang, Yusi Zhang, Chunmei Zhang, Linfeng Cheng, Fanglin Zhang, Ran Zhuang, Boquan Jin and Yun Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2020 17:146
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. Severe fever and thrombocytopenia bunyavirus (SFTSV) infection causes severe fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome with high mortality. It is extremely rare that a transmitting tick can be directly captured in b...

    Authors: Yongxi Tong, Qiujing Wang, Yongfeng Fu, Shibo Li, Zhao Zhang, Zheen Zhang and Xuewen Yu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2020 17:122
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  12. Aquatic bird bornavirus 1 (ABBV-1) has been associated with neurological diseases in wild waterfowls. In Canada, presence of ABBV-1 was demonstrated by RT-qPCR and immunohistochemistry in tissues of waterfowls...

    Authors: Phuc H. Pham, Alexander Leacy, Li Deng, Éva Nagy and Leonardo Susta
    Citation: Virology Journal 2020 17:16
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Hantaan virus (HTNV) can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans with severe morbidity and high mortality. Although inactivated HFRS vaccines are given annually for prevention in populatio...

    Authors: Yan Ma, Kang Tang, Yusi Zhang, Chunmei Zhang, Yun Zhang, Boquan Jin and Ying Ma
    Citation: Virology Journal 2020 17:15
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. The paramyxovirus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) is a multifunctional protein that is responsible for attachment to receptors, removal of receptors from infected cells to prevent viral self-aggregation (neu...

    Authors: Yaqing Liu, Miaomiao Chi, Ying Liu, Hongling Wen, Li Zhao, Yanyan Song, Na Liu and Zhiyu Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:164
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Next generation sequencing (NGS) is becoming widely used among diagnostics and research laboratories, and nowadays it is applied to a variety of disciplines, including veterinary virology. The NGS workflow com...

    Authors: Gianpiero Zamperin, Pierrick Lucas, Irene Cano, David Ryder, Miriam Abbadi, David Stone, Argelia Cuenca, Estelle Vigouroux, Yannick Blanchard and Valentina Panzarin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:140
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging hemorrhagic fever that was first described in China in 2011. We report a patient who died of Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SF...

    Authors: Yi Sun, Bin Guo, Hao Yan, Ai Lan Wu, Wen Wu Yao, Kang Chen, Jun Hang Pan, Zhao Xia Li, Hai Yan Mao and Yan Jun Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:129
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  18. Rabies virus (RABV), a member of Lyssavirus of Rhabdoviridae family, is a kind of negative-strand RNA virus. The zoonosis caused by RABV leads to high mortality in animals and humans. Though with the extensive...

    Authors: Jie Gao, Xinyu Wang, Mingxin Zhao, Enhua Liu, Ming Duan, Zhenhong Guan, Yidi Guo and Maolin Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:80
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Cellular protein eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is an actin binding protein that plays a role in the formation of filamentous actin (F-actin) bundles. F-Actin regulates multiple stages of ...

    Authors: Natale Snape, Dongsheng Li, Ting Wei, Hongping Jin, Mary Lor, Daniel J. Rawle, Kirsten M. Spann and David Harrich
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:182
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  20. Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks are global challenges to the poultry industry. Effective management requires rapid identification and virulence prediction of the circulating Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), t...

    Authors: Salman L. Butt, Tonya L. Taylor, Jeremy D. Volkening, Kiril M. Dimitrov, Dawn Williams-Coplin, Kevin K. Lahmers, Patti J. Miller, Asif M. Rana, David L. Suarez, Claudio L. Afonso and James B. Stanton
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:179
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis. To detect RVF virus (RVFV) infection, indirect immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) which ut...

    Authors: Fuxun Yu, Ferdinard Adungo, Samson Limbaso Konongoi, Shingo Inoue, Rosemary Sang, Salame Ashur, Allan ole Kwallah, Leo Uchida, Corazon C Buerano, Matilu Mwau, Yan Zha, Yingjie Nie and Kouichi Morita
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:178
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Rabies is a fatal disease that is preventable when post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is administered in a timely fashion. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can trigger cells that express Toll-like receptor 9, and...

    Authors: Pengcheng Yu, Jianghong Yan, Weicheng Wu, Xiaoyan Tao, Xuexin Lu, Shuqing Liu and Wuyang Zhu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:174
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Measles (MEV) and mumps virus (MUV) are enveloped, non-segmented, negative single stranded RNA viruses of the family Paramyxoviridae, and are the cause of measles and mumps, respectively, both preventable by vacc...

    Authors: Dora Sviben, Dubravko Forcic, Beata Halassy, Günter Allmaier, Martina Marchetti-Deschmann and Marija Brgles
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:160
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Lokern virus (LOKV) is a poorly characterized arthropod-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus (family Peribunyaviridae). All viruses in this genus have tripartite, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA...

    Authors: Chandra S. Tangudu, Jermilia Charles and Bradley J. Blitvich
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:122
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Small hydrophobic (SH) gene is one of the mostly diverse genomic regions of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Its coding region constitutes less than 50% of the complete gene length, enabling SH gene t...

    Authors: Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki, Anamarija Slovic, Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak, Gordana Mlinarić Galinović and Dubravko Forcic
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:109
    Content type: Research Published on:

  26. In September 2009, a mumps outbreak originated in New York and spread to Northeastern USA and Canada. This study compares the performance of different diagnostic testing methods used in Ontario and describes m...

    Authors: Arnaud G. L’Huillier, Alireza Eshaghi, C. Sarai Racey, Katherene Ogbulafor, Ernesto Lombos, Rachel R. Higgins, David C. Alexander, Erik Kristjanson, Jocelyn Maregmen, Jonathan B. Gubbay and Tony Mazzulli
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:98
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is established as one of the causative agents of respiratory tract infections. To date, there are limited reports that describe the effect of HMPV genotypes and/or viral load on di...

    Authors: Xiang Yong Oong, Jack Bee Chook, Kim Tien Ng, Wei Zhen Chow, Kok Gan Chan, Nik Sherina Hanafi, Yong Kek Pang, Yoke Fun Chan, Adeeba Kamarulzaman and Kok Keng Tee
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:91
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Hendra virus and Nipah virus are zoonotic viruses that have caused severe to fatal disease in livestock and human populations. The isolation of Cedar virus, a non-pathogenic virus species in the genus Henipavirus

    Authors: Eric D. Laing, Moushimi Amaya, Chanakha K. Navaratnarajah, Yan-Ru Feng, Roberto Cattaneo, Lin-Fa Wang and Christopher C. Broder
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:56
    Content type: Research Published on:

  29. Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection has been identified as the main risk factor for severe dengue disease, although the underlying mechanisms leading to severe dengue fever re...

    Authors: Liming Jiang and Qiangming Sun
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:50
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. The specific and dynamic interaction between the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of morbilliviruses is a prerequisite for the conformational rearrangements and membrane fusion during infection proces...

    Authors: Xuelian Meng, Ruixue Deng, Xueliang Zhu and Zhidong Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:21
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Rodent borne viruses of the Orthohantavirus genus cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome among people in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. At present, there are no specific tr...

    Authors: Julia Wigren Byström, Jonas Näslund, Fredrik Trulsson, Magnus Evander, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Clas Ahlm and Göran Bucht
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:18
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are highly contagious and cause disease in both wild birds and poultry. A pigeon-adapted variant of genotype VI NDV, often termed pigeon paramyxovirus 1, is commonly isolated fr...

    Authors: Ying He, Tonya L. Taylor, Kiril M. Dimitrov, Salman L. Butt, James B. Stanton, Iryna V. Goraichuk, Heather Fenton, Rebecca Poulson, Jian Zhang, Corrie C. Brown, Hon S. Ip, Marcos Isidoro-Ayza and Claudio L. Afonso
    Citation: Virology Journal 2018 15:9
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Newcastle disease is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry, caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This virus is distributed worldwide and it can cause severe economic losses in the poultr...

    Authors: Ana Chumbe, Ray Izquierdo-Lara, Katherine Calderón, Manolo Fernández-Díaz and Vikram N. Vakharia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:232
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  35. Virus infections often result in quasispecies of viral strains that can have dramatic impacts on disease outcomes. However, sequencing of viruses to determine strain composition is time consuming and often cos...

    Authors: Lina S. Franco, Susan A. Holechek, Michael R. Caplan and Joseph N. Blattman
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:197
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  36. Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe diseases in avian species. Its fusion protein cleavage site (Fcs) is a major contributor to virulence and membrane fusion. Previous studies showed that a change from...

    Authors: Yanhong Wang, Youkun Bi, Wanqi Yu, Ning Wei, Wenbin Wang, Qiaolin Wei, Xinglong Wang, Shuxia Zhang, Zengqi Yang and Sa Xiao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:185
    Content type: Short Report Published on:

  37. As rabies still represents a major public threat with tens of thousands of deaths per year, particularly in developing countries, adequate surveillance based on rapid and reliable rabies diagnosis for both hum...

    Authors: Kore Schlottau, Conrad M. Freuling, Thomas Müller, Martin Beer and Bernd Hoffmann
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:184
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2017 14:225

  38. Host proteases have been shown to play important roles in many viral activities such as entry, uncoating, viral protein production and disease induction. Therefore, these cellular proteases are putative target...

    Authors: Winke Van der Gucht, Annelies Leemans, Marjorie De Schryver, Annick Heykers, Guy Caljon, Louis Maes, Paul Cos and Peter L. Delputte
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:157
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Hantaan and Seoul viruses, in the Hantavirus genus, are known to cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). The plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), as conventional neutralization test for han...

    Authors: Weihong Li, Shouchun Cao, Quanfu Zhang, Jiandong Li, Shuo Zhang, Wei Wu, Jing Qu, Chuan Li, Mifang Liang and Dexin Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:133
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Borna disease virus (BoDV), which has a negative-sense, single-stranded RNA genome, causes persistent infection in the cell nucleus. The nuclear export signal (NES) of the viral nucleoprotein (N) consisting of...

    Authors: Mako Yanai, Madoka Sakai, Akiko Makino and Keizo Tomonaga
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:126
    Content type: Short Paper Published on:

  41. Rabies is an important viral zoonosis that causes acute encephalitis and death in mammals. To date, several recombinant vaccines have been developed based on G protein, which is considered to be the main antig...

    Authors: Ha-Hyun Kim, Dong-Kun Yang, Jin-Ju Nah, Jae-Young Song and In-Soo Cho
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:122
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. Rabies is an important but underestimated threat to public health, with most cases reported in Asia. Since 2000, a new epidemic wave of rabies has emerged in Yunnan Province, southwestern China, which borders ...

    Authors: Yuzhen Zhang, Bram Vrancken, Yun Feng, Simon Dellicour, Qiqi Yang, Weihong Yang, Yunzhi Zhang, Lu Dong, Oliver G. Pybus, Hailin Zhang and Huaiyu Tian
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:102
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) allows ultra-deep sequencing of nucleic acids. The use of sequence-independent amplification of viral nucleic acids without utilization of target-specific primers provides adva...

    Authors: Kiril M. Dimitrov, Poonam Sharma, Jeremy D. Volkening, Iryna V. Goraichuk, Abdul Wajid, Shafqat Fatima Rehmani, Asma Basharat, Ismaila Shittu, Tony M. Joannis, Patti J. Miller and Claudio L. Afonso
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:72
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  44. Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) is an important fish pathogen that causes high mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon. The ISAV genome consists of eight single-stranded, negative-sense RNA segments. The six la...

    Authors: Wenting Zhang, Chengzhi Cai, Li Lin, Yizhi Jane Tao and Meilin Jin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:30
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  45. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an economically important, Office International des Epizooties (OIE) notifiable, transboundary viral disease of small ruminants such as sheep and goat. PPR virus (PPRV), a n...

    Authors: Yang Yang, Xiaodong Qin, Yiming Song, Wei Zhang, Gaowei Hu, Yongxi Dou, Yanmin Li and Zhidong Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:24
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  46. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) caused by hantavirus infection is characterized by fever, renal dysfunction and hemorrhage. An animal model mimicking symptoms of HFRS remains to be established. In...

    Authors: Kenta Shimizu, Takaaki Koma, Kumiko Yoshimatsu, Yoshimi Tsuda, Yuji Isegawa and Jiro Arikawa
    Citation: Virology Journal 2017 14:13
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. The viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) is one of the most serious fish pathogens. In 2003, a novel sublineage (genotype IVb) of this deadly virus emerged in the Great Lakes basin causing serious fish ki...

    Authors: Isaac F. Standish, Elena V. Millard, Travis O. Brenden and Mohamed Faisal
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:203
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. The canonical genome organization of measles virus (MV) is characterized by total size of 15 894 nucleotides (nts) and defined length of every genomic region, both coding and non-coding. Only rarely have repor...

    Authors: Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki, Anamarija Slovic, Maja Šantak, Goran Tešović and Dubravko Forcic
    Citation: Virology Journal 2016 13:134
    Content type: Research Published on:
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  • ISSN: 1743-422X (electronic)

Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X