University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
Editorial Board
CO-EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Alan McLachlan, PhD
Leo Poon, PhD
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
MANAGING EDITOR
Haogao Gu, PhD
University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
SECTION EDITORS
John Barr, PhD
University of Leeds, United Kingdom
Sections: Negative-strand RNA viruses
Specialisms: Bunyavirales, Arenaviruses, Orthobunyaviruses, Nairoviruses
Roberto Bruzzone, MD
Institut Pasteur, France
Sections: Influenza viruses, Positive-strand RNA viruses
Specialisms: Cell biology of host-pathogen interactions
Marco A. Campos, PhD
Fiocruz Minas, Brazil
Sections: Other viruses (e.g. pox, papilloma, parvo, reoviridae)
Specialisms: Innate immunity; HSV-1, SARS-CoV-2, Dengue, Zika; TLRs
Wan-Long Chuang, MD, PhD
Tony Cunningham, MD
The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Australia
Sections: Herpes viruses
Specialisms: HIV, Herpes virus, Vaccine, COVID, Virology, Immunology
Jaquelline Germano De Oliveira, PhD
Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - Fiocruz, Brazil
Sections: Positive-strand RNA viruses
Specialisms: Antivirals, Arboviruses, Cancer biomarkers, Papillomavirus
Tom Geisbert, PhD
University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Sections: Emerging Viruses
Specialisms: Ebola virus, Marburg virus, Lassa virus, Nipah virus, Hendra virus, nonhuman primate models, pathogenesis, vaccines, therapeutics
Erna Geessien Kroon, PhD
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Sections: Other viruses (e.g. pox, papilloma, parvo, reoviridae)
Specialisms: Virology, Poxvirus, DNA viruses, Flavivirus, Coronavirus
Frederick Kibenge, PhD
University of Prince Edward Island, Atlantic Veterinary College, Canada
Sections: Clinical virology
Specialisms: Veterinary virology, Immunology, Diagnostic veterinary microbiology
Kin On Kwok, PhD
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Twitter: @kkokwok
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, Influenza viruses, SARS-CoV, Antimicrobial resistance
Vitantonio Pantaleo, PhD
National Research Council, Italy
Sections: Plant viruses
Specialisms: Plant viruses, RNA technologies, Gene expression and RNA silencing
Aguinaldo R. Pinto, PhD
Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil
Section: Retroviruses
Specialisms: Retrovirus; HIV; Sars-CoV-2
Courtney Woolsey, PhD
University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Section: Emerging Viruses
Specialisms: Filoviruses, Henipaviruses, Arenaviruses, BSL4 pathogens, Emerging viruses, Virus-host interactions
ASSOCIATE EDITORS
Afeez Abidemi, PhD
Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria
Twitter: @aabidemi123
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Mathematical biology, Mathematical modelling, Mathematical epidemiology, Optimal control theory
Jônatas Abrahão, PhD
UFMG, Brazil
ORCID profile
Sections: Other viruses (e.g. pox, papilloma, parvo, reoviridae), Viruses of microbes
Specialisms: Giant virus, Evolution, Genomics, Virus ecology
Mairaj Ahmed Ansari, PhD
Jamia Hamdard, India
Sections: Clinical virology, Emerging viruses, Herpes viruses, Influenza viruses, Negative-strand RNA viruses, Positive-strand RNA viruses
Specialisms: Host pathogen interaction, Molecular virology, Clinical virology, Molecular immunology, Nanomedicine and immunology
Joshua Kiddy Kwasi Asamoah, PhD
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Twitter: @KiddyDr43899
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Mathematical Epidemiology, Systems Biology, Optimal Control Theory, Healthcare Analytics, Infectious Disease Modelling
Shiu Lun Ryan Au Yeung, PhD, MPH, BSc
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Twitter: @Ryan_Au_Yeung
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Causal inference, Cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, Epidemiology, Genetics, Mendelian randomization
Andreina Baj, MD, PhD
University of Insubria, Italy
Sections: Clinical virology, Emerging viruses
Specialisms: Persistent viral infections, Emergent viral infections, Inflammatory intestinal diseases, Molecular diagnosis
Chi Ping Chan, PhD
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Section: Clinical Virology
Specialisms: Molecular Virology, Innate immunity, Immune evasion, Viral-host interaction, Influenza viruses, Coronaviruses
Franklin Wang-Ngai Chow, PhD
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, China
Sections: Clinical virology, Emerging viruses
Specialisms: Microbiology, Small RNA, Extracellular vesicles, Diagnostics
Tanushree Dangi, PhD
Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States of America
Sections: Clinical virology, Emerging viruses, Influenza viruses
Specialisms: Virology, Viral vaccines, Viral-immunology, Infectious viruses
Siddhartha Datta, PhD
National Cancer Institute, USA
Sections: Retroviruses
Specialisms: HIV, Biochemistry, Structure, Virology, Spectroscopy
Hana Dobrovolny, PhD
Texas Christian University, USA
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Mathematical modeling, Viral infections, mathematical biology
Mini Ghosh, PhD
Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, India
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Epidemiological Modeling, Modeling COVID-19, HIV, TB, Malaria, Vector-borne Diseases, Influenza, Ecological Modeling, Nonlinear Dynamics, Optimal Control Problems
Allison Groseth, PhD
Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
ORCID profile
Sections: Negative-strand RNA Viruses
Specialisms: Virology, Arenaviruses, Filoviruses, Bunyaviruses, BSL4 pathogens, Virus-host interaction, Innate immunity, Post-translational modification, Reverse genetics, Live-cell imaging
Gulfaraz Khan, PhD
United Arab Emirates University, United Arab Emirates
Twitter: @Dr_Gulfaraz
Sections: Herpes viruses
Specialisms: Viral pathology, Emerging viral infections, Infectious diseases
Pushpendra Kumar, PhD
University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Mathematical Epidemiology, Disease Dynamics, Fractional Calculus, Mathematical Modeling, Differential Equations, Neural Networks, Computational Methods, and Dynamical Systems
Shifang Li, PhD
Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Sections: Plant viruses, Viruses of microbes
Specialisms: Fruit tree viral diseases, Viroid
Yi-Ping Li, PhD
Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Section: Clinical Virology
Specialisms: Molecular Virology, Flaviviridae viruses, Hepatitis viruses, Reverse genetic systems, Infection models
Shih-Shun Lin, PhD
National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Sections: Plant viruses
Specialisms: Plant virology, Biotechnology, Molecular biology, Bioinformatics
Carrie Manore, PhD
Los Alamos National Laboratory, United States of America
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Mathematical epidemiology, Mosquito-borne diseases, Zoonotic pathogens, Modeling, Plant viruses, Human viruses, Animal viruses
Sreelekshmy Mohandas, PhD
ICMR- National Institute of Virology, India
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Virology, Emerging viral infections, Animal modes for viral diseases
Salihu S. Musa, PhD
University of Massachusetts, USA
Twitter: @salihusabiumus1
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Infectious diseases, Epidemiological modeling, COVID-19, Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases
Hugo Oliveira, PhD
University of Minho, Portugal
Twitter: @Oliveira_HAM
Sections: Viruses of microbes
Specialisms: Bacterial infections, Bacteriophage, Genomics, Clinical Microbiology
Slobodan Paessler, DVM, PhD
University of Texas Medical Branch, United States of America
ORCID profile
Sections: Influenza viruses, Negative-strand RNA viruses, Positive-strand RNA viruses, Veterinary DNA viruses, Veterinary RNA viruses
Specialisms: Arenaviruses, Influenza, Encephalitis, Vaccines, Virus replication, Antivirals, Immune response, Viral vectors
Olumuyiwa James Peter, PhD
University of Medical Sciences ondo Nigeria, Nigeria
Sections: Mathematical Advisors, Public health
Specialisms: Infectious Disease modelling, Biomathematics, Biostatistics, Mathematical Epidemiology, Dynamical Control
Tung Phan, MD, PhD
University of Pittsburgh, United States of America
Sections: Clinical virology, Emerging viruses, Hepatitis viruses, Herpes viruses, Influenza viruses
Specialisms: Clinical Virology, Evolution, Epidemiology, Molecular Diagnostics
Kidsadagon Pringproa, DVM, PhD
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
Sections: Veterinary DNA Viruses
Specialisms: Virus-host pathogenesis, Herpesviruses
Nobuhiro Suzuki, PhD
IPSR, Okayama University, Japan
Sections: Viruses of microbes
Specialisms: Fungal virus, dsRNA virus, RNA silencing, Neo-lifestyle
Kok Keng Tee, PhD
University of Malaya, Malaysia
Sections: Retroviruses
Specialisms: Human immunodeficiency virus, Respiratory viruses
Jianke Wang, PhD
College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China
ORCID profile
Sections: Veterinary DNA Viruses
Specialisms: Veterinary virology, Parvovirus, Virus-host interaction, Veterinary diagnostics
Tian Wang, PhD
University of Texas Medical Branch, United States of America
Sections: Emerging viruses, Positive-strand RNA viruses
Specialisms: RNA viruses, Host Immunity, Neuropathogenesis, Vaccine Development, Antiviral agents
Bryce Warner, PhD
Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Virology, Emerging viruses, Vaccines, Animal models, Therapeutics, High-containment viruses, Immunology
Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Weidmann
Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Brandenburg Medical School, Germany
Sections: Negative-strand RNA viruses, Positive-strand RNA viruses
Specialisms: Mobile Molecular Diagnostics, Arboviruses, Molecular Epidemiology of viruses, Aquaculture viruses
Feng Wen, PhD
Foshan University, China
Section: Clinical Virology
Specialisms: Emerging viruses, Influenza viruses, Veterinary RNA viruses
Huseyin Yilmaz, PhD
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Türkiye
Section: Veterinary RNA viruses
Specialisms: Veterinary Virology, Detection, phylogenetic, immunity, Vaccine
Jessica Yuen-ting Wong, PhD
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Influenza, COVID-19, Public health, Epidemiology, Disease burden
Rahat Zarin
King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Section: Public Health
Specialisms: Infectious diseases, Cancer Molding, Mathematical molding epidemiology, Computational Biology
Yanjin Zhang, PhD
University of Maryland, United States of America
Sections: Positive-strand RNA viruses, Veterinary DNA viruses, Veterinary RNA viruses
Specialisms: Virology, Viral pathogenesis, Virus-cell interactions, Innate immunity, Vaccine, Antiviral drugs
Chunfu Zheng, PhD
University of Calgary, Canada
Sections: Herpes viruses, Other viruses (e.g. pox, papilloma, parvo, reoviridae), Herpes viruses
Specialisms: Virus-host interaction, Innate immunity, Immune evasion, Innate immune signaling pathway, Regulation, PRR, PAMP
Fanxiu Zhu, PhD
Florida State University, United States of America
Sections: Herpes viruses
Specialisms: KSHV, Herpesvirus, Innate immunity
Editors-in-Chief
Alan McLachlan, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Leo Poon, PhD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Managing Editor
Haogao Gu, PhD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Clinical virology
Section Editor
Fred Kibenge, PhD, University of Prince Edward Island, Canada
Associate Editors
Mairaj A Ansari, PhD, Jamia Hamdard, India
Andreina Baj, MD, PhD, Universita' degli Studi dell'Insubria, Italy
Chi Ping Chan, PhD, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Franklin WN Chow, PhD, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Tanushree Dangi, PhD, Northwestern University, USA
Anna Eis-Hübinger, PhD, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Germany
Tuck-Weng Kok, PhD, University of Adelaide, Australia
Susanna Lau, MD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Yi-Ping Li, PhD, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, China
Martin Linster, PhD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Hayes Luk, PhD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Scott Michael, PhD, Florida Gulf Coast University, USA
Tung Phan, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
Hong Tang, MD, PhD, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
Feng Wen, PhD, Foshan University, China
Samuel Workenhe, DVM, PhD, McMaster University, Canada
Hung-Chih Yang, MD, PhD, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
Emerging viruses
Section Editor
Tom Geisbert, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Deputy Section Editor
Chad Mire, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
Courtney Woolsey, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Associate Editors
Mairaj A Ansari, PhD, Jamia Hamdard, India
Andreina Baj, MD, PhD, Universita' degli Studi dell'Insubria, Italy
Guillaume Carissimo, PhD, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) Infectious Diseases Labs, Singapore
Franklin WN Chow, PhD, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Tanushree Dangi, PhD, Northwestern University, USA
Tetsuro Ikegami, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Tuck-Weng Kok, PhD, University of Adelaide, Australia
Susanna Lau, MD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Kui Li, PhD, University of Tennessee, USA
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Chris Mok, PhD, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Tung Phan, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
Tian Wang, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Samuel Workenhe, DVM, PhD, McMaster University, Canada
Jin Zhong, PhD, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Hepatitis viruses
Section Editor
Wan-Long Chuang, MD, PhD, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Deputy Section Editor
Haitao Guo, PhD, University of Pittsburgh, USA
Associate Editors
Zongdi Feng, PhD, Ohio State University, USA
Jee-Fu Huang, MD, PhD, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
Mei-Hsuan Lee, PhD, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan
Kui Li, PhD, University of Tennessee, USA
David McGivern, PhD, University of North Carolina, USA
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Francesco Negro, MD, PhD, Emeritus Professor, University of Geneva, Switzerland
Tung Phan, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
Michael Robek, PhD, Albany Medical College, USA
Taha Taha, PharmD, PhD, Gladstone Institute of Virology, USA
Hong Tang, MD, PhD, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
Ming-Whei Yu, PhD, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Jin Zhong, PhD, Institut Pasteur of Shanghai, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Herpes viruses
Section Editor
Tony Cunningham, MD, The Westmead Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
Associate Editors
Mairaj A Ansari, PhD, Jamia Hamdard, India
Dirk Dittmer, PhD, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
Robert Geraghty, PhD, University of Minnesota, USA
Gulfaraz Khan, PhD, United Arab Emirates University, UAE
Tung Phan, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
Peter Speck, PhD, Flinders University, Australia
Linda van Dyk, PhD, University of Colorado, USA
Samuel Workenhe, DVM, PhD, McMaster University, Canada
Chunfu Zheng, PhD, University of Calgary, Canada
Fanxiu Zhu, PhD, Florida State University, USA
Influenza viruses
Section Editor
Hualan Chen, PhD, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Deputy Section Editor
Chengjun Li, PhD, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Associate Editors
Mairaj A Ansari, PhD, Jamia Hamdard, India
Tanushree Dangi, PhD, Northwestern University, USA
Tuck-Weng Kok, PhD, University of Adelaide, Australia
Martin Linster, PhD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Chris Mok, PhD, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Slobodan Paessler, DVM, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Tung Phan, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
Redmond Smyth, PhD, University of Würzburg, Germany
Michelle Tate, PhD, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Australia
Samuel Workenhe, DVM, PhD, McMaster University, Canada
Hung-Chih Yang, MD, PhD, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
Jiyong Zhou, DVM, PhD, Zhejiang University, China
Negative-strand RNA viruses
Section Editor
John Barr, PhD, University of Leeds, UK
Associate Editors
Mairaj A Ansari, PhD, Jamia Hamdard, India
Felicity Burt, PhD, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State, South Africa
Allison Groseth, PhD, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Germany
Tetsuro Ikegami, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Susanna Lau, MD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Zhenghe Li, PhD, Zhejiang University, China
Martin Linster, PhD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Martin Ludlow, PhD, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Slobodan Paessler, DVM, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Lijun Rong, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Chee Wah Tan, PhD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Weidmann, University of Stirling, UK
Jiyong Zhou, DVM, PhD, Zhejiang University, China
Other viruses (e.g. pox, papilloma, parvo, reoviridae)
Section Editor
Erna Geessien Kroon, PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Deputy Section Editor
Marco Antônio Campos, PhD, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
Associate Editors
Jônatas Abrahão, PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Chunfu Zheng, PhD, University of Calgary, Canada
Plant viruses
Section Editor
Supriya Chakraborty, PhD, Jawaharlal Nehru University, India
Deputy Section Editor
Vitantonio Pantaleo, PhD, National Research Council, Italy
Associate Editors
Shifang Li, PhD, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Zhenghe Li, PhD, Zhejiang University, China
Shih-Shun Lin, PhD, National Taiwan University, Taiwan
Positive-strand RNA viruses
Section Editor
Jaquelline Germano de Oliveira, PhD, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Brazil
Deputy Section Editor
Roberto Bruzzone, MD, Institut Pasteur, France
Associate Editors
Mairaj A Ansari, PhD, Jamia Hamdard, India
Felicity Burt, PhD, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State, South Africa
Robert Geraghty, PhD, University of Minnesota, USA
Susanna Lau, MD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Kui Li, PhD, University of Tennessee, USA
Martin Linster, PhD, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Scott Michael, PhD, Florida Gulf Coast University, USA
Chris Mok, PhD, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Slobodan Paessler, DVM, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Prasad Paradkar, PhD, Australian Animal Health Laboratory, Australia
Lijun Rong, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago, USA
Tian Wang, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Dr. rer. nat. Manfred Weidmann, University of Stirling, UK
Yanjin Zhang, PhD, University of Maryland, USA
Public health
Section Editor
Kin On Kwok, PhD, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Associate Editors
Afeez Abidemi, PhD, MTech, BTech, ND, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria
Joshua Kiddy Kwasi Asamoah, PhD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Mohamed Daw, MD, PhD, University of Tripoli, Libya
Hana Dobrovolny, PhD, Texas Christian University, USA
Mini Ghosh, PhD, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, India
Pushpendra Kumar, PhD, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Carrie Manore, PhD, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Sreelekshmy Mohandas, PhD, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, India
Salihu S. Musa, PhD, University of Massachusetts, USA
Olumuyiwa James Peter, PhD, University of Medical Sciences Ondo, Nigeria
Bryce Warner, PhD, Public Health Agency of Canada, Canada
Jessica Yuen-ting Wong, PhD, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Shiu Lun Ryan Au Yeung, PhD, MPH, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Rahat Zarin, PhD, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Retroviruses
Section Editor
Aguinaldo Pinto, PhD, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
Associate Editors
Siddhartha A.K Datta, PhD, National Cancer Institute, NIH, USA
Tuck-Weng Kok, PhD, University of Adelaide, Australia
Hong Tang, MD, PhD, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, China
Kok Keng Tee, PhD, University of Malaya, Malaysia
Jian-Hua Wang, PhD, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Hung-Chih Yang, MD, PhD, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taiwan
Veterinary DNA viruses
Section Editor
Walid Azab, PhD, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
Associate Editors
Slobodan Paessler, DVM, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Kidsadagon Pringproa, DVM, PhD, Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Samuel Workenhe, DVM, PhD, McMaster University, Canada
Yanjin Zhang, PhD, University of Maryland, USA
Jiyong Zhou, DVM, PhD, Zhejiang University, China
Veterinary RNA viruses
Section Editor
James Weger-Lucarelli, PhD, Virginia Tech, USA
Associate Editors
Felicity Burt, PhD, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State, South Africa
Susanna Lau, MD, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Martin Ludlow, PhD, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Germany
João R. Mesquita, PhD, University of Porto, Portugal
Slobodan Paessler, DVM, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch, USA
Tung Phan, MD, PhD, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, USA
Samuel Workenhe, DVM, PhD, McMaster University, Canada
Huseyin Yilmaz, PhD, Department of Virology, Veterinary Faculty, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Türkiye
Yanjin Zhang, PhD, University of Maryland, USA
Chunfu Zheng, PhD, University of Calgary, Canada
Jiyong Zhou, DVM, PhD, Zhejiang University, China
Viruses of microbes
Section Editor
Joana Azeredo, PhD, University of Minho, Portugal
Deputy Section Editor
Małgorzata Łobocka, DSc, PhD, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Poland
Associate Editors
Jônatas Abrahão, PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Michela Gambino, PhD, Royal Danish Academy, Denmark
Shifang Li, PhD, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
Scott Michael, PhD, Florida Gulf Coast University, USA
Hugo Oliveira, PhD, Universidade do Minho, Portugal
Vitantonio Pantaleo, PhD, National Research Council, Italy
Janne Ravantti, PhD, University of Helsinki, Finland
Peter Speck, PhD, Flinders University, Australia
Nobuhiro Suzuki, PhD, Okayama University, Japan
Mathematical Advisors
Associate Editors
Afeez Abidemi, PhD, MTech, BTech, ND, Federal University of Technology Akure, Nigeria
Joshua Kiddy Kwasi Asamoah, PhD, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
Hana Dobrovolny, PhD, Texas Christian University, USA
Mini Ghosh, PhD, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai, India
Pushpendra Kumar, PhD, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
Carrie Manore, PhD, Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA
Sreelekshmy Mohandas, PhD, ICMR- National Institute of Virology, India
Salihu S. Musa, PhD, University of Massachusetts, USA
Olumuyiwa James Peter, PhD, University of Medical Sciences Ondo, Nigeria
Rahat Zarin, PhD, King Mongkut's University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Founding Editor
Robert Garry, PhD, Tulane Medical School, USA
Trusted Reviewers
Iram Amin, PhD, CEMB, University of the Punjab
Nidia Arias, PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Duc-Cuong Bui, PhD, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, United States
Akhil Chameettachal, PhD, National Cancer Institute, United States
Christina Chuong, PhD, Virginia Tech, United States
Stella Colombarolli, PhD, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Italy
Geovani de Oliveira Ribeiro, PhD, Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
Joshua Fung, PhD, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
Rongyuan Gao, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, United States
Qi-Bin Geng, PhD, University of Minnesota, United States
Feng Huapeng, PhD, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, China
Haris Ahmed Khan, PhD, National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan
Chuan Kok Lim, PhD, University of Melbourne, Australia
Robson Kriiger Loterio, PhD, Monash University (Australia), Australia
Nirajkumar Makadiya, PhD, University of Saskatchewan, Canada
Sheng-Li Ming, PhD, Henan Agricultural University, China
Sabari Nath Neerukonda, PhD, US DEPT HHS, United States
Ellen Oliveira, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Sergio P Alpuche-Lazcano, PhD, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Canada
Enrico Palermo, PhD, Istituto Pasteur, Italy
Divya Pathak, PhD, Stanford University, United States
Milica Raco, PhD, Oregon State University, Czech Republic
Abdo Said, PhD, University of Toronto, Canada
Vittorio Sarchese, PhD, University of Teramo, Italy
Pablo Sebastian BrittoDe Oliveira, PhD, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
Mateus Serafim, PhD, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
Sabitree Shahi, PhD, Okayama University, Japan
Kawakubo Shusuke, PhD, Hokkaido University, Japan
Kavi Sidharthan Venkidusamy, PhD, Institute of Forest Biodiversity, India
Smitha Srinivasachar Badarinarayan, PhD, Cornell University, United States
Ray T.Y. So, PhD, The University of Hong Kong Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, Hong Kong
Naiara Tavares de Paula, PhD, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Instituto René Rachou - Fiocruz Minas, Italy
Roniya Thapa Magar, PhD, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, United States
José Valter Joaquim SilvaJúnior, PhD, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
Li Wang, PhD, Everest Medicines, China
Guogen Yang, PhD, Anhui Agricultural University, China
Huixin Yang, PhD, University of Minnesota, United States
Tai Yin CHAN, Msc, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
Ziqi Zhou, PhD, University College London, United Kingdom