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  1. During a wildlife screening program for avian influenza A viruses (AIV) and avian paramyxoviruses (APMV) in Belgium, we isolated two hemagglutinating agents from pools of cloacal swabs of wild mallards (Anas plat...

    Authors: Toon Rosseel, Bénédicte Lambrecht, Frank Vandenbussche, Thierry van den Berg and Steven Van Borm
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:463
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. HIV-1 Gag virus like particles (VLPs) used as candidate vaccines are regarded as inert particles as they contain no replicative nucleic acid, although they do encapsidate cellular RNAs. During HIV-1 Gag VLP pr...

    Authors: Ziyaad Valley-Omar, Ann E Meyers, Enid G Shephard, Anna-Lise Williamson and Edward P Rybicki
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:462
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) encoded Latent Membrane Protein 1 (LMP1) has been shown to increase the expression of promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) and the immunofluorescent intensity of promyelocytic leuk...

    Authors: Mark D Sides, Gregory J Block, Reid W Chadwick, Bin Shan, Erik K Flemington and Joseph A Lasky
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:461
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. On the base of our previous study we were observed relevant studies on the hypothesis that the antiviral activity of quercetin 7-rhamnoside (Q7R), a flavonoid, won't relate ability of its antioxidant.

    Authors: Jae Hyoung Song, Jae Kwon Shim and Hwa Jung Choi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:460
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Genotyping of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has become an essential tool for prognosis and prediction of treatment duration. The aim of this study was to compare two HCV genotyping methods: reverse hybridization lin...

    Authors: Sueli M Nakatani, Carlos A Santos, Irina N Riediger, Marco A Krieger, Cesar AB Duarte, Maria do Carmo Debur, Flair J Carrilho and Suzane K Ono
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:459
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. This study is based on EPI (Expanded Program on Immunization) immunization surveys and surveillance of polio, its challenges in immunization and the way forward to overcome these challenges.

    Authors: Masaud Shah, Muhammad Kazim Khan, Saleha Shakeel, Faiza Mahmood, Zunaira Sher, Muhammad Bilal Sarwar and Aleena Sumrin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:457
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Feline coronavirus is comprised of two pathogenic biotypes consisting of feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) and feline enteric coronavirus (FECV), which are both divided into two serotypes. To examine ...

    Authors: Dong-Jun An, Hye-Young Jeoung, WooSeog Jeong, Jee-Yong Park, Myoung-Heon Lee and Bong-Kyun Park
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:455
    Content type: Research Published on:

  10. The rabies Flury Low Egg Passage virus (LEP) has been widely used as a seed virus to generate inactive vaccine. Here, we established a reverse genetic system for LEP and generated a recombinant LEP virus (rLEP...

    Authors: Lihong Tao, Jinying Ge, Xijun Wang, Zhiyuan Wen, Hongyue Zhai, Tao Hua, Bolin Zhao, Dongni Kong, Chinglai Yang and Zhigao Bu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:454
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Currently, larger domestic pigs are only animals widely used in vaccine evaluation and pathogenicity study of classical swine fever virus (CSFV). This study was aimed to create an alternative animal experiment...

    Authors: Yuan Sun, Qian Jiang, Da-Yong Tian, Huan Lin, Hong Li, Qiu-Ying Han, Wen Han, Chang-De Si, Shou-Ping Hu, Zhuo Zhang, Lian-Dong Qu and Hua-Ji Qiu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:452
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Previous studies have reported on the presence of Murine Mammary Tumor Virus (MMTV)-like gene sequences in human cancer tissue specimens. Here, we search for MMTV-like gene sequences in lung diseases including...

    Authors: Laura M Trejo-Avila, Pablo Zapata-Benavides, Raúl Barrera-Rodríguez, Isaías Badillo-Almaráz, Santiago Saavedra-Alonso, Diana E Zamora-Avila, Karla Morán-Santibañez, Jorge A Garza-Sáenz, Reyes Tamez-Guerra and Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:451
    Content type: Research Published on:

  14. In 2009, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) was reported in 67% of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) compared to 4% of controls. Since then numerous reports failed to detect XMRV ...

    Authors: Mir A Ali, Janet K Dale, Christine A Kozak, Raphaela Goldbach-Mansky, Frederick W Miller, Stephen E Straus and Jeffrey I Cohen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:450
    Content type: Research Published on:

  15. Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) genotype V reemerged in Asia (China) in 2009 after a 57-year hiatus from the continent, thereby emphasizing a need to increase regional surveillance efforts. Genotypic charact...

    Authors: Ratree Takhampunya, Heung-Chul Kim, Bousaraporn Tippayachai, Ampornpan Kengluecha, Terry A Klein, Won-Ja Lee, John Grieco and Brian P Evans
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:449
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  16. Hantaan virus (HTNV) is the causative agent of the most severe form of a rodent-borne disease known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). A safe and effective HTNV vaccine is needed. Vaccination wit...

    Authors: Feng Liu, Mifang Liang, Shouchun Cao, Qinzhi Liu, Quanfu Zhang, Chuan Li, Shuo Zhang, Shiwen Wang and Dexin Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:448
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Type I interferons, including interferon alpha (IFN-α), represent one of the first lines of innate immune defense against influenza virus infection. Following natural infection of chickens with avian influenza...

    Authors: Haijun Jiang, Hanchun Yang and Darrell R Kapczynski
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:447
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. Ultrasound has been shown to increase the efficiency of gene expression from retroviruses, adenoviruses and adeno-associated viruses. The effect of ultrasound to stimulate cell membrane permeabilization on inf...

    Authors: Motoko Shintani, Gen Takahashi, Masakazu Hamada, Shyusuke Okunaga, Soichi Iwai and Yoshiaki Yura
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:446
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Interferon Regulatory Factor-3 (IRF-3) plays a central role in the induction of interferon (IFN) production and succeeding interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) expression en route for restraining hepatitis C viru...

    Authors: Luyu Yao, Xiaobo Yan, Huijia Dong, David R Nelson, Chen Liu and Xiaoyu Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:445
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Adefovir Dipivoxil (ADV) is an important agent to suppress hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication with suboptimal effect on virological and serological response. To optimize Adefovir therapy in chronic hepatitis ...

    Authors: Hui Lu, Da Ying Geng, Fei Shen, Jing Yao Zhang, Bing Lu and Li Xian Ma
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:444
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-related (XMRV) virus is a recently identified mouse gammaretrovirus that has the ability to infect certain human cells. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of pri...

    Authors: Veerasamy Ravichandran, Eugen O Major, Carol Ibe, Maria Chiara Monaco, Mohan Kumar Haleyur Girisetty and Indira K Hewlett
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:443
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  22. A large quantitative study was carried out to compare the proteome of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infected versus uninfected cells in order to determine novel pathways regulated during viral infection. R...

    Authors: Nicola Ternette, Cynthia Wright, Holger B Kramer, Mikael Altun and Benedikt M Kessler
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:442
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Previously we demonstrated that DNA vaccination of nonhuman primates (NHP) with a small subset of vaccinia virus (VACV) immunogens (L1, A27, A33, B5) protects against lethal monkeypox virus challenge. The L1 a...

    Authors: Joseph W Golden, Marina Zaitseva, Senta Kapnick, Robert W Fisher, Malgorzata G Mikolajczyk, John Ballantyne, Hana Golding and Jay W Hooper
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:441
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Avian Adeno viruses and Chicken Anemia Viruses cause serious economic losses to the poultry industry of Pakistan each year. Timely and efficient diagnosis of the viruses is needed in order to practice preventi...

    Authors: Latif U Rehman, Bakht Sultan, Ijaz Ali, Muhammad A Bhatti, Sana U Khan, Khaliq U Zaman, Anila T Jahangiri, Najib U Khan, Aqib Iqbal, Jehan Bakht, Zahoor A Swati and Muti U Rehman
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:440
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  26. High prevalence of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been reported among the dialysis patients throughout the world. No serious efforts were taken to investigate HCV in patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) treatmen...

    Authors: Sanaullah Khan, Sobia Attaullah, Ijaz Ali, Sultan Ayaz, Naseemullah, Shahid Niaz Khan, Sami Siraj and Jabbar Khan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:438
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. Porcine circovirus type 2 is the primary etiological agent associated with a group of complex multi-factorial diseases classified as Porcine Circovirus Associated Diseases (PCVAD). Sporadic cases reported in M...

    Authors: Seetha Jaganathan, Ooi P Toung, Phang L Yee, Tan D Yew, Choo P Yoon and Lim B Keong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:437
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Papillomaviruses (PVs) are associated with the development of neoplasias and have been found in several different species, most of them in humans and other mammals. We identified, cloned and sequenced PV DNA f...

    Authors: Christian E Lange, Claude Favrot, Mathias Ackermann, Jessica Gull, Elisabeth Vetsch and Kurt Tobler
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:436
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  29. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) has a sialic acid binding activity that is believed to be important for enteropathogenicity, but that has so far appeared to be dispensable for infection of cultured ...

    Authors: Christel Schwegmann-Weßels, Sandra Bauer, Christine Winter, Luis Enjuanes, Hubert Laude and Georg Herrler
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:435
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Pigs are considered susceptible to influenza A virus infections from different host origins because earlier studies have shown that they have receptors for both avian (sialic acid-alpha-2,3-terminal saccharide...

    Authors: Ramona Trebbien, Lars E Larsen and Birgitte M Viuff
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:434
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. Phylogenetic analysis has led to the classification of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into 1-6 major genotypes. HCV genotypes have different biological properties, clinical outcome and response to antiviral treatment...

    Authors: Sobia Attaullah, Sanaullah Khan and Ijaz Ali
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:433
    Content type: Review Published on:

  32. Chikungunya Virus (ChikV) surprised by a massive re-emerging outbreak in Indian Ocean in 2006, reaching Europe in 2007 and exhibited exceptional severe physiopathology in infants and elderly patients. In this ...

    Authors: Pascale Krejbich-Trotot, Bernard Gay, Ghislaine Li-Pat-Yuen, Jean-Jacques Hoarau, Marie-Christine Jaffar-Bandjee, Laurence Briant, Philippe Gasque and Mélanie Denizot
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:432
    Content type: Research Published on:

  33. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major health problem in developing countries including Pakistan. Chronic HCV infection results in progressive liver disease including fibrosis, cirrhosis, insulin resistance and ev...

    Authors: Sobia Manzoor, Muhammad Idrees, Javed Ashraf, Azra Mehmood, Sadia Butt, Kaneez Fatima, Haji Akbar, Irshad U Rehaman and Ishtiaq Qadri
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:431
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Phage vB_EcoM_CBA120 (CBA120), isolated against Escherichia coli O157:H7 from a cattle feedlot, is morphologically very similar to the classic phage ViI of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi. Until recently, littl...

    Authors: Elizabeth M Kutter, Kyobi Skutt-Kakaria, Bob Blasdel, Ayman El-Shibiny, Anna Castano, Daniel Bryan, Andrew M Kropinski, Andre Villegas, Hans-Wolfgang Ackermann, Ana L Toribio, Derek Pickard, Hany Anany, Todd Callaway and Andrew D Brabban
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:430
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. There is renewed interest in the development of poxvirus vector-based HIV vaccines due to the protective effect observed with repeated recombinant canarypox priming with gp120 boosting in the recent Thai place...

    Authors: Simon H Bridge, Sally A Sharpe, Mike J Dennis, Stuart D Dowall, Brian Getty, Donald S Anson, Michael A Skinner, James P Stewart and Tom J Blanchard
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:429
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. shRNA targeting the integrin αv subunit, which is the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) receptor, plays a key role in virus attachment to susceptible cells. We constructed a RNAi lentiviral vector, iαv pLent...

    Authors: Jihuai Luo, Junzheng Du, Shandian Gao, Guofeng Zhang, Jingjing Sun, Guozheng Cong, Junjun Shao, Tong Lin and Huiyun Chang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:428
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. The Mre11/Rad50 complex and the homologous SbcD/SbcC complex in bacteria play crucial roles in the metabolism of DNA double-strand breaks, including DNA repair, genome replication, homologous recombination and...

    Authors: Takashi Yoshida, Jean-Michel Claverie and Hiroyuki Ogata
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:427
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious and devastating disease affecting livestock that causes significant financial losses. Therefore, safer and more effective vaccines are required against Foot-...

    Authors: Xin-Sheng Liu, Yong-Lu Wang, Yong-Guang Zhang, Yu-Zhen Fang, Li Pan, Jian-Liang Lu, Peng Zhou, Zhong-Wang Zhang and Shou-Tian Jiang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:426
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. Indonesia is one of the countries most severely affected by H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in terms of poultry and human health. However, there is little information on the diversity of H5...

    Authors: Hendra Wibawa, Joerg Henning, Frank Wong, Paul Selleck, Akhmad Junaidi, John Bingham, Peter Daniels and Joanne Meers
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:425
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Currently, up-regulated proteins and apoptosis in hepatitis C is a hot topic in exploring the pathogenic mechanism of Heptitis C Virus(HCV). Some recent studies shows that prohibitin is overexpressed in cells ...

    Authors: Shuang-Suo Dang, Ming-Zhu Sun, E Yang, Meng Xun, Li Ma, Zhan-Sheng Jia, Wen-Jun Wang and Xiao-Li Jia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:424
    Content type: Research Published on:

  41. XMRV is a gammaretrovirus first identified in prostate tissues of Prostate Cancer (PC) patients and later in the blood cells of patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). Although XMRV is thought to use XPR...

    Authors: Mohan Kumar Haleyur Giri Setty, Krishnakumar Devadas, Viswanath Ragupathy, Veerasamy Ravichandran, Shixing Tang, Owen Wood, Durga Sivacharan Gaddam, Sherwin Lee and Indira K Hewlett
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:423
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  42. The carboxyl terminal of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ZEBRA protein (also termed BZLF-1 encoded replication protein Zta or ZEBRA) binds to both NF-κB and p53. The authors have previously suggested that this intera...

    Authors: David H Dreyfus, Yang Liu, Lucy Y Ghoda and Joseph T Chang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:422
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) are serious complications in lung transplant recipients. No consensus on EBV DNAemia levels predictive of PTLD has been reached. In addition, in many instan...

    Authors: Fausto Baldanti, Vanina Rognoni, Alessandro Cascina, Tiberio Oggionni, Carmine Tinelli and Federica Meloni
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:421
    Content type: Research Published on:

  44. Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) infects only patients that are already infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) because this is sub satellite virus which depends on and propagate only in the presence of HBV. HDV causes...

    Authors: Asad U Khan, Muhammad Waqar, Madiha Akram, Mehnaz Zaib, Muhammad Wasim, Shahzad Ahmad, Zeeshan Niaz, Sajid Ali, Haider Ali, Muhammad Idrees and Mohammad A Bajwa
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:420
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. FMD is one of the major causes of economic loss of cloven-hoofed animals in the world today. The assessment of dominant genotype/lineage and prevalent trends and confirmation the presence of infection or vacci...

    Authors: Li-na Ma, Jie Zhang, Hao-tai Chen, Jian-hua Zhou, Yao-zhong Ding and Yong-sheng Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:419
    Content type: Review Published on:

  46. In this study, we developed a rapid, one step colloid gold strip (CGS) capable of specifically detecting type Asia1 foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV). We have produced two monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to type...

    Authors: Tong Lin, Jun-jun Shao, Jun-zheng Du, Guo-zheng Cong, Shan-dian Gao and Huiyun Chang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:418
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. A case of severe diarrhoea associated with synergistic human bocavirus type 1 (HBoV) and human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6) is reported. The case supports the hypotheses that HBoV infection under clinical condit...

    Authors: Monika Streiter, Monika Malecki, Aram Prokop, Verena Schildgen, Jessica Lüsebrink, Andreas Guggemos, Matthias Wißkirchen, Michael Weiß, Reinhold Cremer, Michael Brockmann and Oliver Schildgen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:417
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  48. Most of the non-B HIV-1 subtypes are predominant in Sub-Saharan Africa and India although they have been found worldwide. In the last decade, immigration from these areas has increased considerably in Spain. T...

    Authors: Beatriz de Felipe, Pilar Pérez-Romero, María Abad-Fernández, Felipe Fernandez-Cuenca, Francisco J Martinez-Fernandez, Mónica Trastoy, Rosario del Carmen Mata, Luis F López-Cortés, Manuel Leal, Pompeyo Viciana and Alejandro Vallejo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:416
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. The Brazilian population is mainly descendant from European colonizers, Africans and Native Americans. Some Afro-descendants lived in small isolated communities since the slavery period. The epidemiological st...

    Authors: Mónica V Alvarado-Mora, Livia Botelho, Michele S Gomes-Gouvêa, Vanda F de Souza, Maria C Nascimento, Claudio S Pannuti, Flair J Carrilho and João RR Pinho
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:415
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Previous studies have indicated that the UL16 protein and its homologs from herpesvirus were conserved and played similar roles in viral DNA packaging, virion assembly, budding, and egress. However, there was ...

    Authors: Qin He, Qiao Yang, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Jun Xiang, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Qihui Luo, Zhengli Chen, Yi Zhou and Xiaoyue Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2011 8:413
    Content type: Research Published on:
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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X