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  1. The importance of clinicolaboratory characteristics of COVID-19 made us report our findings in the Alborz province according to the latest National Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in outp...

    Authors: Farnaz Karimi, Mahshid Saleh, Amir Abbas Vaezi, Mostafa Qorbani and Foroogh Alborzi Avanaki
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:189
  2. Flaviviruses are representative arboviruses carried by arthropods and/or vertebrates; these viruses can pose a public health concern in many countries. By contrast, it is known that a novel virus group called ...

    Authors: Tomo Daidoji, Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas, Katsuro Hagiwara, Yasuha Arai, Yohei Watanabe, Keisuke Nishioka, Fumi Murakoshi, Kotaro Garan, Hiroki Sadakane and Takaaki Nakaya
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:187
  3. Authors: Bo Yang, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Ting Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Jinke Yang, Yu Hao, Dengshuai Zhao, Huimei Cui, Xingguo Yuan, Xuehui Chen, Keshan Zhang, Haixue Zheng and Xiangtao Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:186

    The original article was published in Virology Journal 2021 18:170

  4. The phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes play crucial role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we characterized the role of PAL genes in increasing resistance to the Cassava brown streak...

    Authors: Siji Kavil, Gerald Otti, Sophie Bouvaine, Andrew Armitage and Midatharahally N. Maruthi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:184
  5. The host-unrestricted, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and the serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are major causative agents of food-borne gastroenteritis, and the host-re...

    Authors: Marta Kuźmińska-Bajor, Paulina Śliwka, Maciej Ugorski, Paweł Korzeniowski, Aneta Skaradzińska, Maciej Kuczkowski, Magdalena Narajaczyk, Alina Wieliczko and Rafał Kolenda
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:183
  6. Traditional medicines based on herbal extracts have been proposed as affordable treatments for patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviru...

    Authors: Chuanxiong Nie, Jakob Trimpert, Sooyeon Moon, Rainer Haag, Kerry Gilmore, Benedikt B. Kaufer and Peter H. Seeberger
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:182
  7. Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) that affects the effectiveness of the first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen is becoming prevalent worldwide. However, its prevalence and transmission among HIV-1 tre...

    Authors: Yun Lan, Linghua Li, Xiang He, Fengyu Hu, Xizi Deng, Weiping Cai, Junbin Li, Xuemei Ling, Qinghong Fan, Xiaoli Cai, Liya Li, Feng Li and Xiaoping Tang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:181
  8. Covid-19 has the respiratory tract as the main target of infection, and patients present mainly dyspnea, pneumonia, dry cough, and fever. Nevertheless, organs outside the respiratory tract had been reported in...

    Authors: Natália Lima Pessoa, Aline Almeida Bentes, Andrea Lucchesi de Carvalho, Thaís Bárbara de Souza Silva, Pedro Augusto Alves, Erik Vinicius de Sousa Reis, Tayse Andrade Rodrigues, Erna Geessien Kroon and Marco Antônio Campos
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:180
  9. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, has infected more than 179 million people worldwide. Testing of infected individuals is crucial for ident...

    Authors: Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Natish Kumar, Rahul Bhat, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Kaurab Singh, Sandeep Dogra, Abhishek Kulkarni, Bhaskar Bhadra, Manish R. Shukla, Saurabh Saran, Santanu Dasgupta, Ram A. Vishwakarma and Sumit G. Gandhi
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:178
  10. The development of an influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor is required; therefore, a method for evaluating the activity of influenza RdRp needs to be developed. The current method uses an ul...

    Authors: Yuka Horio, Mototada Shichiri and Yuji Isegawa
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:177
  11. Viral diseases cause significant damage to crop yield and quality. While fungi- and bacteria-induced diseases can be controlled by pesticides, no effective approaches are available to control viruses with chem...

    Authors: Md. Shamim Akhter, Kenji S. Nakahara and Chikara Masuta
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:176
  12. Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes two diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TS...

    Authors: Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi, Rahman Emamzadeh, Majid Teymoori-Rad and Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:175
  13. Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. This work aimed to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of HRV in Gua...

    Authors: Wanwei Li, Bo Yu, Jijian Zhou, Yanlan Wang, Bao Xue, Jialong Pan, Yanhong Ran, Xiaoping Yang, Xiaoping Wang, Fang Yang and Hongjian Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:174
  14. Zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections continue to represent a threat to human health. The disease caused by distinct orthopoxviruses differs in terms of symptoms and severity, which may be explained by the unique ...

    Authors: Daniel Bourquain, Livia Schrick, Bernd Karsten Tischer, Klaus Osterrieder, Lars Schaade and Andreas Nitsche
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:173
  15. Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV...

    Authors: Le Ming, Zhihui Li, Xiaofang Li, Ling Tang and Guimei He
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:171
  16. African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly lethal virus that can infect porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Since ASFV, China has dealt with a heavy blow to the pig industry. However, the effect of infectio...

    Authors: Bo Yang, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Ting Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Jinke Yang, Yu Hao, Dengshuai Zhao, Huimei Cui, Xingguo Yuan, Xuehui Chen, Keshan Zhang, Haixue Zheng and Xiangtao Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:170

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2021 18:186

  17. Transmission of all known pathogenic orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) usually occurs via inhalation of aerosols contaminated with viral particles derived from infected rodents and organ manifestation of in...

    Authors: Stefan Hägele, Christian Nusshag, Alexander Müller, Alexandra Baumann, Martin Zeier and Ellen Krautkrämer
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:169
  18. A growing number of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is being identified worldwide, potentially impacting the effectiveness of current vaccines. We report the data obtained in several Italian regions involved in t...

    Authors: Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Menzo, Gianguglielmo Zehender, Sara Caucci, Valeria Ghisetti, Francesca Rizzo, Fabrizio Maggi, Francesco Cerutti, Giorgio Giurato, Alessandro Weisz, Chiara Turchi, Bianca Bruzzone, Francesca Ceccherini Silberstein, Nicola Clementi, Annapaola Callegaro…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:168
  19. Poxviruses within the Capripoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, and Parapoxvirus genera can infect livestock, with the two former having zoonotic importance. In addition, they induce similar clinical symptoms in common host ...

    Authors: Boitumelo Magret Modise, Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli, Tebogo Kgotlele, Dingrong Xue, Kebonyemodisa Ntesang, Kago Kumile, Ivancho Naletoski, John Frederick Nyange, Carter Thanda, Kenny Nametso Macheng, Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe, Gerrit Johannes Viljoen, Giovanni Cattoli and Charles Euloge Lamien
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:167
  20. The emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and more recently, the independent evolution of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has generated renewed interest i...

    Authors: Jalen Singh, Pranav Pandit, Andrew G. McArthur, Arinjay Banerjee and Karen Mossman
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:166
  21. Canine distemper caused by canine distemper virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family is still a global epidemic significant infectious disease, especially in pet dogs in China a...

    Authors: Yaoqian Pan, Shuai Wang, Peng Li, Feng Yue, Yanfang Zhang, Bo Pan and Xingyou Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:165
  22. Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a highly infectious pathogen associated with hand, foot and mouth disease, herpangina, and various neurological complications, so it is important for the early detection and treatmen...

    Authors: Xinran Zou, Jing Wu, Jiaqi Gu, Li Shen and Lingxiang Mao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:164
  23. Ticks (class Arachnida, subclass Acari) are vectors of transmitting a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms, protozoa, and viruses affecting humans and animals. Liaoning Province is rich in forests where diffe...

    Authors: Zijun Yang, Ju Zhang, Shixing Yang, Xiaochun Wang, Quan Shen, Guangming Sun, Hao Wang and Wen Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:163
  24. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related neurologic complications have a diverse presentation in transplant recipients, creating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. In this case series, we report uni...

    Authors: Mohamed Ridha, Dylan G. Jones, David P. Lerner, Michal Vytopil, Barbara Voetsch, Joseph D. Burns, Anil Ramineni and Pooja Raibagkar
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:162
  25. As frequent viral outbreaks continue to pose threat to public health, the unavailability of antiviral drugs and challenges associated with vaccine development underscore the need for antiviral drugs discovery ...

    Authors: Omonike O. Ogbole, Toluwanimi E. Akinleye, Abraham O. Nkumah, Aminat O. Awogun, Alfred F. Attah, Moses O. Adewumi and Adekunle J. Adeniji
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:161
  26. Hepatitis E is an enteric and zoonotic disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) that is mainly transmitted via the faecal-oral route through contaminated food or the environment. The virus is an emerging infe...

    Authors: Fufa Dawo Bari, Haimanot Belete Wodaje, Umer Said, Hika Waktole, Melaku Sombo, Samson Leta, Tesfaye Rufael Chibsa and Paul Plummer
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:160
  27. The multifaceted non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) taken during the COVID-19 pandemic not only decrease the spreading of the SARS-CoV-2, but have impact on the prevalence of other viruses. This study aim...

    Authors: Pengcheng Liu, Menghua Xu, Lingfeng Cao, Liyun Su, Lijuan Lu, Niuniu Dong, Ran Jia, Xunhua Zhu and Jin Xu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:159
  28. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have shown prospects in advanced and metastatic cancer, and many clinical trials have been carried out. To compare OV therapies comprehensively and provide a categorized profile and ran...

    Authors: Ruiyang Xie, Xingang Bi, Bingqing Shang, Aiping Zhou, Hongzhe Shi and Jianzhong Shou
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:158
  29. The numbers of confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and COVID-19 related deaths are still increasing, so it is very important to determine the risk factors of COVID-19. Dyslipidemia is a comm...

    Authors: Yanli Liu, Yilong Pan, Yuyao Yin, Wenhao Chen and Xiaodong Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:157
  30. Limited data is available on the efficacy of direct acting anti-viral drugs on hepatitis C in drug users. The aim of this meta-analysis was to comprehensively analyze the efficacy and safety of LDV/SOF in drug...

    Authors: Xue Yang, Yang Tang, Di Xu, Guang Zhang, Peng Xu, Houlin Tang and Lin Pang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:156
  31. Acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance was conducted as part of the World Health Organization’s strategy for completely eradicating poliomyelitis and leaving non-polio enteroviruses NPEVs as one of the mai...

    Authors: Napa Onvimala, Nathamon Kosoltanapiwat, Pornpan Pumirat, Muthita Vanaporn, Suchitra Nimmanitya, Ratana Tacharoenmuang, Ratigorn Guntapong and Pornsawan Leaungwutiwong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:153
  32. The data with regards to the regional variants of distinct HPV types is of great value. Accordance with this, this study aimed to investigate the sequence variations of E6 gene and long control region of HPV 3...

    Authors: Neda Hosseini, Zabihollah Shoja, Arash Arashkia, Amir-Hossein Khodadadi and Somayeh Jalilvand
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:152
  33. Zika virus is becoming one of the most widely transmitted arboviruses in the world. Development of antiviral inhibitor and vaccine requires an experimental system that allows rapid monitoring of the virus infe...

    Authors: Jing Gao, Jiayi Chen, Weizhi Lu, Jintai Cai, Linjuan Shi, Wei Zhao and Bao Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:151
  34. Mosquito-borne flaviviruses are prime pathogens and have been a major hazard to humans and animals. They comprise several arthropod-borne viruses, including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephali...

    Authors: Shilpa Chatterjee, Choon-Mee Kim, Na Ra Yun, Dong-Min Kim, Hyeon Je Song and Kyeoung A Chung
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:150

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2021 18:172

  35. The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is the etiological agent of COVID-19. This virus has become one of the most dangerous in recent times with a very high rate of transmission. At present, several publications sh...

    Authors: Brian Mondeja, Odalys Valdes, Sonia Resik, Ananayla Vizcaino, Emilio Acosta, Adelmo Montalván, Amira Paez, Mayra Mune, Roberto Rodríguez, Juan Valdés, Guelsys Gonzalez, Daisy Sanchez, Viviana Falcón, Yorexis González, Vivian Kourí, Angelina Díaz…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:149
  36. On the detection and identification of enteroviruses circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil: reply to Luchs, A. Comments on Detection and identification of enteroviruses circulating in ch...

    Authors: Raiana Scerni Machado, Ivanildo Pedro de Sousa Jr., Jacqueline Cortinhas Monteiro, James Lima Ferreira, Jainara Cristina dos Santos Alves and Fernando Neto Tavares
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:148

    The original article was published in Virology Journal 2021 18:133

    The Short report to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2020 17:156

  37. The clinical and virological course of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are lacking. We aimed to describe the clinical and virological characteristics of COVID-19 patients from 10 designated h...

    Authors: Rui Huang, Li Zhu, Leyang Xue, Xuebing Yan, Jian Wang, Songping Huang, Biao Zhang, Tianmin Xu, Fang Ji, Chunyang Li, Fang Ming, Yun Zhao, Yang Li, Juan Cheng, Yinling Wang, Huaping Shao…
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:147
  38. Prevalence and incidence of hepatitis caused by HEV infection are usually higher in developing countries. This study demonstrated the HEV seroprevalence and incidence of HEV infection in patients with clinical...

    Authors: Atiporn Boonyai, Anchalee Thongput, Thidarat Sisaeng, Parisut Phumchan, Navin Horthongkham, Wannee Kantakamalakul and Chutikarn Chaimayo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:145
  39. Regard to this fact that the main transmission route of HPV and HHV-8 is via sexual activity, it is reasonable to speculate that coinfection of HPV and HHV-8 may have been played an important role in the devel...

    Authors: Sara Chavoshpour-Mamaghani, Zabihollah Shoja, Yaghoub Mollaei-Kandelous, Kimia Sharifian and Somayeh Jalilvand
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:144
  40. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of antiviral drugs in reducing the risk of developing severe illness in patients with moderate COVID-19 pneumonia.

    Authors: Peng Yin, Juan Meng, Jincheng Chen, Junxiao Gao, Dongqi Wang, Shuyan Liu, Qinglong Guo, Muchun Zhu, Gengwei Zhang, Yingxia Liu, Ye Li and Guoliang Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:142
  41. Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a nonenveloped RNA virus causing hepatitis E worldwide. The increase in transfusion-transmitted cases of HEV infections from asymptomatic blood donors causing serious illnesses among...

    Authors: Ping Fu, Baochai Lin, Bingting Wu, Ling Ke, Tianfu Yang, Yue’e Du, Lishan Cheng, Zhou Li, Tiancheng Li and Yu Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:141
  42. All commercial Hepatitis C virus antibody (anti-HCV) assays use a combination of recombinant antigens to detect antibody response. Antibody responses to individual antigenic regions (core, NS3/4 and NS5) used ...

    Authors: Xinyi Jiang, Le Chang, Ying Yan, Huimin Ji, Huizhen Sun, Fei Guo and Lunan Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2021 18:137