Articles

Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance

In line with the Latin expression “sed parva forti” meaning “small but mighty,” the family Parvoviridae contains many of the smallest known viruses, some of which result in fatal or debilitating infections. In re...

Authors: Mason C. Jager, Joy E. Tomlinson, Robert A. Lopez-Astacio, Colin R. Parrish and Gerlinde R. Van de Walle

Pathogenicity of Seneca Valley virus in pigs and detection in Culicoides from an infected pig farm

Porcine vesicular disease is caused by the Seneca Valley virus (SVV), it is a novel Picornaviridae, which is prevalent in several countries. However, the pathogenicity of SVV on 5–6 week old pigs and the transmis...

Authors: Jinyong Zhang, Chenghui Li, Yuan Meng, Yubiao Xie, Ning Shi, He Zhang, Chengdong Yu, Fulong Nan, Changzhan Xie, Zhuo Ha, Jicheng Han, Zhuoxin Li, Qiuxuan Li, Peng Wang, Xu Gao, Ningyi Jin…

Prevalence, characteristics, and distribution of HPV genotypes in women from Zhejiang Province, 2016–2020

To evaluate and understand the prevalence of HPV genotypes and characteristics of female populations in specific areas and the relationship with cervical lesions, which can effectively guide cervical cancer sc...

Authors: Xiaotian Yan, Lingwei Shen, Yufei Xiao, Qi Wang, Fugang Li and Yun Qian

Modulation of host cell signaling during cytomegalovirus latency and reactivation

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) resides latently in cells of the myeloid compartment, including CD34⁺ hematopoietic progenitor cells and circulating monocytes. Healthy hosts maintain the virus latently, and this inf...

Authors: Nicholas A. Smith, Gary C. Chan and Christine M. O’Connor

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus genetic variability a management and diagnostic dilemma

As genetic analysis becomes less expensive, more comprehensive diagnostics such as whole genome sequencing (WGS) will become available to the veterinary practitioner. The WGS elucidates more about porcine repr...

Authors: Jessica Risser, Matthew Ackerman, Robert Evelsizer, Stephen Wu, Byungjoon Kwon and James Mark Hammer

A new Hendra virus genotype found in Australian flying foxes

Hendra virus (HeV) has caused lethal disease outbreaks in humans and horses in Australia. Flying foxes are the wildlife reservoir from which the virus was first isolated in 1996. Following a heat stress mortal...

Authors: Jianning Wang, Danielle E. Anderson, Kim Halpin, Xiao Hong, Honglei Chen, Som Walker, Stacey Valdeter, Brenda van der Heide, Matthew J. Neave, John Bingham, Dwane O’Brien, Debbie Eagles, Lin-Fa Wang and David T. Williams

Investigation of astrovirus, coronavirus and paramyxovirus co-infections in bats in the western Indian Ocean

Co-infections have a key role in virus transmission in wild reservoir hosts. We investigated the simultaneous presence of astroviruses, coronaviruses, and paramyxoviruses in bats from Madagascar, Mayotte, Moza...

Authors: Axel O. G. Hoarau, Steven M. Goodman, Dana Al Halabi, Beza Ramasindrazana, Erwan Lagadec, Gildas Le Minter, Marie Köster, Andréa Dos Santos, M. Corrie Schoeman, Eduardo S. Gudo, Patrick Mavingui and Camille Lebarbenchon

Evidence of circulation of Orthobunyaviruses in diverse mosquito species in Kwale County, Kenya

Arbovirus surveillance and recurrence of outbreaks in Kenya continues to reveal the re-emergence of viruses of public health importance. This calls for sustained efforts in early detection and characterization...

Authors: Hellen Koka, Joel Lutomiah, Solomon Langat, Edith Koskei, Albert Nyunja, James Mutisya, Francis Mulwa, Samuel Owaka, Victor Ofula, Samson Konongoi, Fredrick Eyase and Rosemary Sang

Source-tracking of the Chinese Chikungunya viruses suggests that Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia act as major hubs for the recent global spread of Chikungunya virus

Chikungunya fever, caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), has become a major global health concern, causing unexpected large outbreaks in Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Americas. CHIKV is not indigenous to Ch...

Authors: Shaofu Qiu, Jinpeng Guo, Peihan Li, Peng Li, Xinying Du, Rongzhang Hao, Chaojie Yang, Qi Wang, Hongbo Liu, Haoran Zhang, Sai Tian, Hua Shi, Liang Wen, Daizhi An, Xiaocui Yang, Xiaoyuan An…

Comparison of 11 respiratory pathogens among hospitalized children before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Shenzhen, China

The effect of SARS-CoV-2 on existing respiratory pathogens in circulation remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the prevalence of respiratory pathogens among hospitalized ch...

Authors: Li Li, Heping Wang, Ailiang Liu, Rongjun Wang, Tingting Zhi, Yuejie Zheng, Yanming Bao, Yunsheng Chen and Wenjian Wang

A formulated poly (I:C)/CCL21 as an effective mucosal adjuvant for gamma-irradiated influenza vaccine

Several studies on gamma-irradiated influenza A virus (γ-Flu) have revealed its superior efficacy for inducing homologous and heterologous virus-specific immunity. However, many inactivated vaccines, notably i...

Authors: Ailar Sabbaghi, Masoud Malek, Sara Abdolahi, Seyed Mohammad Miri, Leila Alizadeh, Mehdi Samadi, Seyed Reza Mohebbi and Amir Ghaemi

Complex structural variations in non-human primate hepatitis B virus

Recent genome sequence technology has revealed a novel type of genetic rearrangement referred to as complex structural variations (SVs). Previous studies have elucidated the complex SVs in human hepatitis B vi...

Authors: Yoshihito Nagura, Kei Fujiwara, Kentaro Matsuura, Etsuko Iio, Yasuhito Tanaka and Hiromi Kataoka

Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with direct-acting antiviral agent-based regimens in Iranian patients with hereditary bleeding disorders

Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders (HBD). The present study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of direct-acting antiviral age...

Authors: Heidar Sharafi, Bita Behnava, Alireza Azizi-saraji, Ali Namvar, Ali Anvar, Shima Salimi and Seyed Moayed Alavian

Antigen-capture ELISA and immunochromatographic test strip to detect the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus rapidly based on monoclonal antibodies

The H9N2 subtype of avian influenza virus (AIV) has become the most widespread subtype of AIV among birds in Asia, which threatens the poultry industry and human health. Therefore, it is important to establish...

Authors: Yixin Xiao, Fan Yang, Fumin Liu, Hangping Yao, Nanping Wu and Haibo Wu

GATA binding protein 4 promotes the expression and transcription of hepatitis B virus by facilitating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha in vitro

GATA binding protein 4 (GATA4) has been reported as a potential target of gene therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It is well known that the main cause of HCC is the chronic infection of hepatitis B vi...

Authors: Xiaoqin Lv, Xia Xiang, Yue Wu, Yang Liu, Ruqing Xu, Qin Xiang and Guoqi Lai

Molecular and epidemiological characterization of human adenoviruses infection among children with acute diarrhea in Shandong Province, China

Human adenovirus (HAdV) had been recognized as one of the most common enteric viruses associated with acute diarrhea in children. The present study was carried out to demonstrate the molecular and epidemiologi...

Authors: Deyu Huang, Zheng Wang, Guanyou Zhang and Lintao Sai

Regulation of plant antiviral defense genes via host RNA-silencing mechanisms

Plants in nature or crops in the field interact with a multitude of beneficial or parasitic organisms, including bacteria, fungi and viruses. Viruses are highly specialized to infect a limited range of host pl...

Authors: Paola Leonetti, Johannes Stuttmann and Vitantonio Pantaleo

Development of a competitive chemiluminescence immunoassay using a monoclonal antibody recognizing 3B of foot-and-mouth disease virus for the rapid detection of antibodies induced by FMDV infection

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a devastating animal disease. Anti-non-structural protein (NSP) antibody detection is very important for confirming suspected cases, evaluating the prevalence of infection, cert...

Authors: Wei Liu, Guanglei Zhang, Sicheng Yang, Junhui Li, Zhan Gao, Sudan Ge, Huihui Yang, Junjun Shao and Huiyun Chang

High-risk human papillomavirus detection in self-collected vaginal samples compared with healthcare worker collected cervical samples among women attending gynecology clinics at a tertiary hospital in Pretoria, South Africa

In 2017, the South African National Department of Health (NDoH) Cervical Cancer Prevention and Control Policy was revised. Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing on self-collected samples may offer improved screen...

Authors: Teboho Amelia Tiiti, Tebogo Loraine Mashishi, Varsetile Varster Nkwinika, Ina Benoy, Selokela Gloria Selabe, Johannes Bogers and Ramokone Lisbeth Lebelo

Human adenoviruses in paediatric patients with respiratory tract infections in Beijing, China

Human adenoviruse (HAdV) is a major pathogen of paediatric respiratory tract infections (RTIs). Mutation or recombination of HAdV genes may cause changes in its pathogenicity and transmission. We described the...

Authors: Yiman Huang, Chao Wang, Fenlian Ma, Qiong Guo, Lihong Yao, Aijun Chen, Xiaoyi Luo and Lishu Zheng

Detection of chikungunya virus in the Southern region, Saudi Arabia

Despite the fact that the chikungunya viral infection is a neglected disease, complications such as hemorrhagic fever, arthritis, and lymphopenia remain a health concern. The aim of this study was to determine...

Authors: Abdulrahim R. Hakami, Abdullah A. Alshamrani, Mohamad Alqahtani, Yasser Alraey, Razan A. Alhefzi, Sultan Alasmari, Mohamed Makkawi, Gasim Dobie, Mushtaq Mir, Mohamed Alshahrani, Ayed Dera, Mohammed Alfaifi, Mesfer Al Shahrani, Ahmad Matari and Ali Essa Asiry

Clinical and laboratory findings and PCR results in severe and non-severe COVID19 patients based on CURB-65 and WHO severity indices

The importance of clinicolaboratory characteristics of COVID-19 made us report our findings in the Alborz province according to the latest National Guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in outp...

Authors: Farnaz Karimi, Mahshid Saleh, Amir Abbas Vaezi, Mostafa Qorbani and Foroogh Alborzi Avanaki

Enhanced disease progression due to persistent HPV-16/58 infections in Korean women: a systematic review and the Korea HPV cohort study

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is a key factor for the development and progression of cervical cancer. We sought to identify the type-specific HPV prevalence by cervical cytology and assess di...

Authors: Jaehyun Seong, Sangmi Ryou, JeongGyu Lee, Myeongsu Yoo, Sooyoung Hur and Byeong-Sun Choi

Development of genus-specific universal primers for the detection of flaviviruses

Flaviviruses are representative arboviruses carried by arthropods and/or vertebrates; these viruses can pose a public health concern in many countries. By contrast, it is known that a novel virus group called ...

Authors: Tomo Daidoji, Ronald Enrique Morales Vargas, Katsuro Hagiwara, Yasuha Arai, Yohei Watanabe, Keisuke Nishioka, Fumi Murakoshi, Kotaro Garan, Hiroki Sadakane and Takaaki Nakaya

Correction to: Mechanism of interaction between virus and host is inferred from the changes of gene expression in macrophages infected with African swine fever virus CN/GS/2018 strain

Authors: Bo Yang, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Ting Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Jinke Yang, Yu Hao, Dengshuai Zhao, Huimei Cui, Xingguo Yuan, Xuehui Chen, Keshan Zhang, Haixue Zheng and Xiangtao Liu

Genome-wide identification of endogenous viral sequences in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)

Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) have been for the most part described in animals and to a less extent in plants. The endogenization was proposed to contribute toward evolution of living organisms via horizont...

Authors: Alexander M. Boutanaev and Lev G. Nemchinov

PAL1 gene of the phenylpropanoid pathway increases resistance to the Cassava brown streak virus in cassava

The phenylalanine ammonia lyase genes play crucial role in plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we characterized the role of PAL genes in increasing resistance to the Cassava brown streak...

Authors: Siji Kavil, Gerald Otti, Sophie Bouvaine, Andrew Armitage and Midatharahally N. Maruthi

Genomic and functional characterization of five novel Salmonella-targeting bacteriophages

The host-unrestricted, non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) and the serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) are major causative agents of food-borne gastroenteritis, and the host-re...

Authors: Marta Kuźmińska-Bajor, Paulina Śliwka, Maciej Ugorski, Paweł Korzeniowski, Aneta Skaradzińska, Maciej Kuczkowski, Magdalena Narajaczyk, Alina Wieliczko and Rafał Kolenda

In vitro efficacy of Artemisia extracts against SARS-CoV-2

Traditional medicines based on herbal extracts have been proposed as affordable treatments for patients suffering from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviru...

Authors: Chuanxiong Nie, Jakob Trimpert, Sooyeon Moon, Rainer Haag, Kerry Gilmore, Benedikt B. Kaufer and Peter H. Seeberger

Transmitted drug resistance and transmission clusters among HIV-1 treatment-naïve patients in Guangdong, China: a cross-sectional study

Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) that affects the effectiveness of the first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen is becoming prevalent worldwide. However, its prevalence and transmission among HIV-1 tre...

Authors: Yun Lan, Linghua Li, Xiang He, Fengyu Hu, Xizi Deng, Weiping Cai, Junbin Li, Xuemei Ling, Qinghong Fan, Xiaoli Cai, Liya Li, Feng Li and Xiaoping Tang

Case report: hepatitis in a child infected with SARS-CoV-2 presenting toll-like receptor 7 Gln11Leu single nucleotide polymorphism

Covid-19 has the respiratory tract as the main target of infection, and patients present mainly dyspnea, pneumonia, dry cough, and fever. Nevertheless, organs outside the respiratory tract had been reported in...

Authors: Natália Lima Pessoa, Aline Almeida Bentes, Andrea Lucchesi de Carvalho, Thaís Bárbara de Souza Silva, Pedro Augusto Alves, Erik Vinicius de Sousa Reis, Tayse Andrade Rodrigues, Erna Geessien Kroon and Marco Antônio Campos

Editorial Expression of Concern: Molecular characterization of genome segments 1 and 3 encoding two capsid proteins of Antheraea mylitta cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus

Authors: Mrinmay Chakrabarti, Suvankar Ghorai, Saravana K. K. Mani and Ananta K. Ghosh

Optimization and validation of RT-LAMP assay for diagnosis of SARS-CoV2 including the globally dominant Delta variant

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19 pandemic, has infected more than 179 million people worldwide. Testing of infected individuals is crucial for ident...

Authors: Vijay Lakshmi Jamwal, Natish Kumar, Rahul Bhat, Piyush Singh Jamwal, Kaurab Singh, Sandeep Dogra, Abhishek Kulkarni, Bhaskar Bhadra, Manish R. Shukla, Saurabh Saran, Santanu Dasgupta, Ram A. Vishwakarma and Sumit G. Gandhi

Development of a method for evaluating the mRNA transcription activity of influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase through real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction

The development of an influenza RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitor is required; therefore, a method for evaluating the activity of influenza RdRp needs to be developed. The current method uses an ul...

Authors: Yuka Horio, Mototada Shichiri and Yuji Isegawa

Resistance induction based on the understanding of molecular interactions between plant viruses and host plants

Viral diseases cause significant damage to crop yield and quality. While fungi- and bacteria-induced diseases can be controlled by pesticides, no effective approaches are available to control viruses with chem...

Authors: Md. Shamim Akhter, Kenji S. Nakahara and Chikara Masuta

Decoding pathogenesis factors involved in the progression of ATLL or HAM/TSP after infection by HTLV-1 through a systems virology study

Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus that causes two diseases including Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL cancer) and HTLV-1 Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TS...

Authors: Mohadeseh Zarei Ghobadi, Rahman Emamzadeh, Majid Teymoori-Rad and Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani

Genetic diversity and epidemiology of human rhinovirus among children with severe acute respiratory tract infection in Guangzhou, China

Human rhinovirus (HRV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. This work aimed to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of HRV in Gua...

Authors: Wanwei Li, Bo Yu, Jijian Zhou, Yanlan Wang, Bao Xue, Jialong Pan, Yanhong Ran, Xiaoping Yang, Xiaoping Wang, Fang Yang and Hongjian Li

Replication of cowpox virus in macrophages is dependent on the host range factor p28/N1R

Zoonotic orthopoxvirus infections continue to represent a threat to human health. The disease caused by distinct orthopoxviruses differs in terms of symptoms and severity, which may be explained by the unique ...

Authors: Daniel Bourquain, Livia Schrick, Bernd Karsten Tischer, Klaus Osterrieder, Lars Schaade and Andreas Nitsche

Correction to: Molecular detection and identification of Culex flavivirus in mosquito species from Jeju, Republic of Korea

Authors: Shilpa Chatterjee, Choon‑Mee Kim, Na Ra Yun, Dong‑Min Kim, Hyeon Je Song and Kyeoung A. Chung

Antiviral activity of diallyl trisulfide against H9N2 avian influenza virus infection in vitro and in vivo

Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) is a garlic-derived organosulfur compound. As it has been shown to have anti-viral activity, we hypothesized that it may alleviate infections caused by H9N2 avian influenza virus (AIV...

Authors: Le Ming, Zhihui Li, Xiaofang Li, Ling Tang and Guimei He

Mechanism of interaction between virus and host is inferred from the changes of gene expression in macrophages infected with African swine fever virus CN/GS/2018 strain

African swine fever virus (ASFV) is a highly lethal virus that can infect porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs). Since ASFV, China has dealt with a heavy blow to the pig industry. However, the effect of infectio...

Authors: Bo Yang, Chaochao Shen, Dajun Zhang, Ting Zhang, Xijuan Shi, Jinke Yang, Yu Hao, Dengshuai Zhao, Huimei Cui, Xingguo Yuan, Xuehui Chen, Keshan Zhang, Haixue Zheng and Xiangtao Liu

Cells of the human respiratory tract support the replication of pathogenic Old World orthohantavirus Puumala

Transmission of all known pathogenic orthohantaviruses (family Hantaviridae) usually occurs via inhalation of aerosols contaminated with viral particles derived from infected rodents and organ manifestation of in...

Authors: Stefan Hägele, Christian Nusshag, Alexander Müller, Alexandra Baumann, Martin Zeier and Ellen Krautkrämer

Circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants in Italy, October 2020–March 2021

A growing number of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants is being identified worldwide, potentially impacting the effectiveness of current vaccines. We report the data obtained in several Italian regions involved in t...

Authors: Alessia Lai, Annalisa Bergna, Stefano Menzo, Gianguglielmo Zehender, Sara Caucci, Valeria Ghisetti, Francesca Rizzo, Fabrizio Maggi, Francesco Cerutti, Giorgio Giurato, Alessandro Weisz, Chiara Turchi, Bianca Bruzzone, Francesca Ceccherini Silberstein, Nicola Clementi, Annapaola Callegaro…

First molecular characterization of poxviruses in cattle, sheep, and goats in Botswana

Poxviruses within the Capripoxvirus, Orthopoxvirus, and Parapoxvirus genera can infect livestock, with the two former having zoonotic importance. In addition, they induce similar clinical symptoms in common host ...

Authors: Boitumelo Magret Modise, Tirumala Bharani Kumar Settypalli, Tebogo Kgotlele, Dingrong Xue, Kebonyemodisa Ntesang, Kago Kumile, Ivancho Naletoski, John Frederick Nyange, Carter Thanda, Kenny Nametso Macheng, Chandapiwa Marobela-Raborokgwe, Gerrit Johannes Viljoen, Giovanni Cattoli and Charles Euloge Lamien

Evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants

The emergence of a novel coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and more recently, the independent evolution of multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants has generated renewed interest i...

Authors: Jalen Singh, Pranav Pandit, Andrew G. McArthur, Arinjay Banerjee and Karen Mossman

Apoptotic investigation of brain tissue cells in dogs naturally infected by canine distemper virus

Canine distemper caused by canine distemper virus that belongs to the Morbillivirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae family is still a global epidemic significant infectious disease, especially in pet dogs in China a...

Authors: Yaoqian Pan, Shuai Wang, Peng Li, Feng Yue, Yanfang Zhang, Bo Pan and Xingyou Liu

DNA aptamer against EV-A71 VP1 protein: selection and application

Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is a highly infectious pathogen associated with hand, foot and mouth disease, herpangina, and various neurological complications, so it is important for the early detection and treatmen...

Authors: Xinran Zou, Jing Wu, Jiaqi Gu, Li Shen and Lingxiang Mao

Virome analysis of ticks in a forest region of Liaoning, China: characterization of a novel hepe-like virus sequence

Ticks (class Arachnida, subclass Acari) are vectors of transmitting a broad range of pathogenic microorganisms, protozoa, and viruses affecting humans and animals. Liaoning Province is rich in forests where diffe...

Authors: Zijun Yang, Ju Zhang, Shixing Yang, Xiaochun Wang, Quan Shen, Guangming Sun, Hao Wang and Wen Zhang

The spectrum of Epstein-Barr virus infections of the central nervous system after organ transplantation

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-related neurologic complications have a diverse presentation in transplant recipients, creating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. In this case series, we report uni...

Authors: Mohamed Ridha, Dylan G. Jones, David P. Lerner, Michal Vytopil, Barbara Voetsch, Joseph D. Burns, Anil Ramineni and Pooja Raibagkar

In vitro antiviral activity of peptide-rich extracts from seven Nigerian plants against three non-polio enterovirus species C serotypes

As frequent viral outbreaks continue to pose threat to public health, the unavailability of antiviral drugs and challenges associated with vaccine development underscore the need for antiviral drugs discovery ...

Authors: Omonike O. Ogbole, Toluwanimi E. Akinleye, Abraham O. Nkumah, Aminat O. Awogun, Alfred F. Attah, Moses O. Adewumi and Adekunle J. Adeniji