Porcine circovirus 3 is a newly described circovirus circulating worldwide. PCV3 may play an etiologic role in different pig diseases. Two different genotypes of PCV3 were described, PCV3a and PCV3b. In order ...
Authors: Carolin Prinz, Milena Stillfried, Lena Katharina Neubert and Joachim Denner
As a low pathogenic influenza virus, avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 (H9N2 AIV) often induces high morbidity in association with secondary bacterial infections in chickens or mammals. To explore this phenom...
Authors: Haoran Lu, Luxuan Zhang, Junfang Xiao, Che Wu, Huanmin Zhang, Yihu Chen, Zhengyong Hu, Wencheng Lin, Qingmei Xie and Hongxin Li
Polyadenylation influences many aspects of mRNA as well as viral RNA. variable polyadenylation at the 3' end have been reported in RNA viruses. It is interesting to identify the characteristic and potential ro...
Authors: Guowei Geng, Chengming Yu, Xiangdong Li and Xuefeng Yuan
The regulatory cyclin, Cyclin T1 (CycT1), is a host factor essential for HIV-1 replication in CD4 T cells and macrophages. The importance of CycT1 and the Positive Transcription Elongation Factor b (P-TEFb) co...
Authors: Jacob Couturier, Aaron F. Orozco, Hongbing Liu, Sona Budhiraja, Edward B. Siwak, Pramod N. Nehete, K. Jagannadha Sastry, Andrew P. Rice and Dorothy E. Lewis
As a leading cause of respiratory disease, influenza A virus (IAV) infection remains a pandemic threat in annual seasonal outbreaks. Given the limitation of existing anti-influenza therapeutic drugs, developme...
Authors: Ming Zhong, Huiqiang Wang, Linlin Ma, Haiyan Yan, Shuo Wu, Zhengyi Gu and Yuhuan Li
Although the canonical function of viral coat protein (CP) is to encapsidate the viral genome, they have come to be recognized as multifunctional proteins, involved in almost every stage of the viral infection...
Authors: Xiaofang Ma, Ni Hong, Peter Moffett, Yijun Zhou and Guoping Wang
Haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplant (haplo-HSCT) recipients are at high risk for Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-related diseases. EBV-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T cells can control EBV-infected B cell expans...
Infectious cDNA clones are a powerful tool for studies on RNA viruses using reverse genetics. Potato virus S (PVS) is a carlavirus with a worldwide distribution. Although the complete genome sequences of many ...
In the original publication of this article [1], two grants from National Science Foundation of China and Yunnan Provincial Government (U1602226) and by National Science Foundation of China (2016YFC1200404) we...
Authors: Benxia Hu, Yongxia Huo, Liping Yang, Guijun Chen, Minhua Luo, Jinlong Yang and Jumin Zhou
To examine the epidemiological trends and changes of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection and the potential risk factors for severe infection in the Zhejiang eastern coastal area of China.
Authors: Jun Tan, Yijuan Chen, Lin Wang, Ta-Chien Chan, Said Amer, Xiaobin Xu, Jian Cai, Wei Li, Xiaoqing Zheng, Mi Zhou, Shuwen Qin, Na Zhao, Ziping Miao and Shelan Liu
Microbial communities living in the oceans are major drivers of global biogeochemical cycles. With nutrients limited across vast swathes of the ocean, marine microbes eke out a living under constant assault fr...
Authors: Joanna Warwick-Dugdale, Holger H. Buchholz, Michael J. Allen and Ben Temperton
Autophagy is an essential process in eukaryotic cells in which autophagosomes form to deliver cellular organelles and long-lived proteins to lysosomes for degradation. Many studies have recently identified the...
Authors: Wei Zhang, Keren Chen, Yang Guo, Yaosheng Chen and Xiaohong Liu
In the original publication of this article [1], Table 1 has some errors.
Authors: Elif Nurtop, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Boris Pastorino, Laetitia Ninove, Jan Felix Drexler, Yelin Roca, Bouba Gake, Audrey Dubot-Peres, Gilda Grard, Christophe Peyrefitte, Stéphane Priet, Xavier de Lamballerie and Pierre Gallian
Data on the treatment of patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) coinfection remains limited. A comprehensive analysis was performed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ombi...
Authors: Jingjing Wu, Peng Huang, Haozhi Fan, Ting Tian, Xueshan Xia, Zuqiang Fu, Yan Wang, Xiangyu Ye, Ming Yue and Yun Zhang
Mycoviruses that infect fungi generally do not have a significant effect on the host and, instead, reduce the toxicity of the fungi. However, recent studies have shown that polymycovirus-1, a mycovirus that in...
Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) infection manifests with burn-like symptoms on leaves, leaflets and upper stem parts of susceptible infected plants. The symptoms caused by ToTV may be considered as one of the most se...
Authors: Przemysław Wieczorek, Barbara Wrzesińska, Patryk Frąckowiak, Arnika Przybylska and Aleksandra Obrępalska-Stęplowska
Yokose virus was first isolated from bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) collected in Yokosuka, Japan, in 1971, and is a new member of the family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus. In this study, we isolated a Yokose vir...
Tospoviruses (genus Tospovirus, family Peribunyaviridae, order Bunyavirales) cause significant losses to a wide range of agronomic and horticultural crops worldwide. Identification and characterization of specifi...
Authors: Cristian Olaya, Badri Adhikari, Gaurav Raikhy, Jianlin Cheng and Hanu R. Pappu
Waterfowl parvoviruses, including goose parvovirus (GPV) and Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV), can cause seriously diseases in geese and ducks. Developing a fast and precise diagnosis assay for these two parvovi...
Authors: Su Lin, Shao Wang, Xiaoxia Cheng, Shifeng Xiao, Xiuqin Chen, Shilong Chen, Shaoying Chen and Fusong Yu
Understanding the prevalence and evolution of HIV-1 drug resistance (DR) and associated mutation patterns is critical to implementing free antiretroviral therapy in Yunnan, the first antiretroviral treatment l...
Authors: Jianjian Li, Yawen Xu, Jiafa Liu, Bihui Yang, Cuixian Yang, Mi Zhang and Xingqi Dong
Aquaculture is the fastest growing sector of food production worldwide. However, one of the major reasons limiting its effectiveness are infectious diseases among aquatic organisms resulting in vast economic l...
Authors: Joanna Kazimierczak, Ewelina Agnieszka Wójcik, Jolanta Witaszewska, Arkadiusz Guziński, Elżbieta Górecka, Małgorzata Stańczyk, Edyta Kaczorek, Andrzej Krzysztof Siwicki and Jarosław Dastych
Avian influenza A H7N9 virus has caused five outbreak waves of human infections in China since 2013 and posed a dual challenge to public health and poultry industry. The number of reported H7N9 virus human cas...
Authors: Jianru Qin, Ouyang Peng, Xiaoting Shen, Lang Gong, Chunyi Xue and Yongchang Cao
Eastern equine encephalitis virus is an alphavirus that naturally cycles between mosquitoes and birds or rodents in Eastern States of the US. Equine infection occurs by being bitten by cross-feeding mosquitoes...
Authors: Amanda L. Phelps, Lyn M. O’Brien, Lin S. Eastaugh, Carwyn Davies, Mark S. Lever, Jane Ennis, Larry Zeitlin, Alejandro Nunez and David O. Ulaeto
Flaviviruses are important pathogens for humans and animals (Dengue viruses, Yellow fever virus, Zika virus and West Nile virus). Culex flavivirus (CxFV) is an insect-specific virus of the genus Flavivirus, detec...
Authors: Jorge Miranda, Salim Mattar, Marco Gonzalez, Richard Hoyos-López, Ader Aleman and Jose Aponte
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) of the family Herpesviridae is the causative agent of Aujeszky’s disease. Attenuation of PRV by serial passaging in vitro is a well-established method; however, the dynamic variations occ...
Authors: Chao Ye, Jiqiang Wu, Wu Tong, Tongling Shan, Xuefei Cheng, Jingjing Xu, Chao Liang, Hao Zheng, Guoxin Li and Guangzhi Tong
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are considered to be at significant risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) and bloodborne viruses including viral hepatitis types B, C, and D (HBV, HCV, and HDV) and hum...
Authors: Henri Gautier Ouedraogo, Seni Kouanda, Ashley Grosso, Rebecca Compaoré, Modibo Camara, Charlemagne Dabire, Rasmata Ouedraogo, Yves Traore, Stefan Baral and Nicolas Barro
Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global threat with immediate need for accurate diagnostics, efficacious vaccines and therapeutics. Several ZIKV envelope (Env)-based vaccines have been developed recently. Howeve...
Authors: Young Chan Kim, Cesar Lopez-Camacho, Joanne E. Nettleship, Nahid Rahman, Michelle L. Hill, Laura Silva-Reyes, Georgina Ortiz-Martinez, Gloria Figueroa-Aguilar, María Antonieta Mar, Héctor Vivanco-Cid, Christine S. Rollier, Nicole Zitzmann, Martha Eva Viveros-Sandoval, Raymond J. Owens and Arturo Reyes-Sandoval
Here we propose a strategy allowing implementing efficient and practicable large-scale seroepidemiological studies for Zika Virus (ZIKV). It combines screening by a commercial NS1 protein-based Zika IgG ELISA,...
Authors: Elif Nurtop, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Boris Pastorino, Laetitia Ninove, Jan Felix Drexler, Yelin Roca, Bouba Gake, Audrey Dubot-Peres, Gilda Grard, Christophe Peyrefitte, Stéphane Priet, Xavier de Lamballerie and Pierre Gallian
The major obstacle to cure of HIV type-1 infection is the presence of the HIV reservoir, hidden from the immune system and insensitive to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Eradication approaches have bee...
Authors: Mary-Aude Rochat, Erika Schlaepfer, Stefan P. Kuster, Duo Li, Annette Audige, Sandra Ivic, Audrey Fahrny and Roberto F. Speck
African swine fever virus (ASFV) causes an acute hemorrhagic infection in suids with a mortality rate of up to 100%. No vaccine is available and the potential for catastrophic disease in Europe remains elevate...
Authors: Jason Farlow, Marina Donduashvili, Maka Kokhreidze, Adam Kotorashvili, Nino G. Vepkhvadze, Nato Kotaria and Ana Gulbani
The avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) remains a significant source of loss in the poultry industry and early diagnosis is required to prevent the disease from spreading. This study examined the combined ...
Authors: Paula Fonseca Finger, Michele Soares Pepe, Luana Alves Dummer, Carolina Georg Magalhães, Clarissa Caetano de Castro, Silvia de Oliveira Hübner, Fábio Pereira Leivas Leite, Giseli Aparecida Ritterbusch, Paulo Augusto Esteves and Fabricio Rochedo Conceição
Hepatitis B virus is a hepatotropic DNA virus that reproduces via an RNA intermediate. It can lead to an increased risk of serious liver diseases such as hepatocellular carcinoma and is a serious threat to pub...
Authors: Lei Jia, Fengyu Hu, Hanping Li, Lin Li, Xiaoping Tang, Yongjian Liu, Haohui Deng, Jingwan Han, Jingyun Li and Weiping Cai
The influenza matrix protein (M1) layer under the viral membrane plays multiple roles in virus assembly and infection. N-domain and C-domain are connected by a loop region, which consists of conserved RQMV motif.
Equid alphaherpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) is one of the main infectious causative agents of abortion in mares and can also be associated with stillbirth, neonatal foal death, rhinopneumonitis in young horses and a neur...
Authors: Anna Karolina Matczuk, Małgorzata Skarbek, Natalia Anna Jackulak and Barbara Anna Bażanów
Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), a highly prevalent, economically important swine pathogen is classified into different genotypes (PCV2a-f) based on phylogenetic analysis. Since the introduction of extensive ...
Authors: Vilmos Palya, Zalán G. Homonnay, Tamás Mató and István Kiss
Hevea brasiliensis is an important commercial crop due to the high quality of the latex it produces; however, little is known about viral infections in this plant. The only virus described to infect H. brasiliens...
Authors: Paula L. C. Fonseca, Fernanda Badotti, Tatiana F. P. de Oliveira, Antônio Fonseca, Aline B. M. Vaz, Luiz M. R. Tomé, Jônatas S. Abrahão, João T. Marques, Giliane S. Trindade, Priscila Chaverri, Eric R. G. R. Aguiar and Aristóteles Góes-Neto
Usutu virus (USUV) is a mosquito-born flavivirus that can infect multiple avian and mammalian species. The viral surface envelope (E) protein functions to initiate the viral infection by recognizing cellular r...
Authors: Zimin Chen, Fei Ye, Sheng Lin, Fanli Yang, Yanwei Cheng, Yu Cao, Zhujun Chen and Guangwen Lu
Cellular protein eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) is an actin binding protein that plays a role in the formation of filamentous actin (F-actin) bundles. F-Actin regulates multiple stages of ...
Authors: Natale Snape, Dongsheng Li, Ting Wei, Hongping Jin, Mary Lor, Daniel J. Rawle, Kirsten M. Spann and David Harrich
During the last two decades, structural biology analyses have shown that viruses infecting hosts far apart in evolution share similar architectural features, prompting a new virus classification based on struc...
The recently approved interferon-free DAA (direct antiviral agents) regimens have shown not only to be effective in terms of sustained virological response (SVR) rates (> 90%) but also well tolerated in most h...
Authors: Antonio Di Biagio, Lucia Taramasso and Giovanni Cenderello
Newcastle disease (ND) outbreaks are global challenges to the poultry industry. Effective management requires rapid identification and virulence prediction of the circulating Newcastle disease viruses (NDV), t...
Authors: Salman L. Butt, Tonya L. Taylor, Jeremy D. Volkening, Kiril M. Dimitrov, Dawn Williams-Coplin, Kevin K. Lahmers, Patti J. Miller, Asif M. Rana, David L. Suarez, Claudio L. Afonso and James B. Stanton
Rift Valley Fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis. To detect RVF virus (RVFV) infection, indirect immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) which ut...
Authors: Fuxun Yu, Ferdinard Adungo, Samson Limbaso Konongoi, Shingo Inoue, Rosemary Sang, Salame Ashur, Allan ole Kwallah, Leo Uchida, Corazon C Buerano, Matilu Mwau, Yan Zha, Yingjie Nie and Kouichi Morita
The emergence in 2014 and persistence of African Swine Fever (ASF) in Lithuania has been linked to infected wild boar movement and close contact with the carcasses of other infected wild boars. Over time the n...
Authors: Arnoldas Pautienius, Juozas Grigas, Simona Pileviciene, Ruta Zagrabskaite, Jurate Buitkuviene, Gediminas Pridotkas, Rolandas Stankevicius, Zaneta Streimikyte, Algirdas Salomskas, Dainius Zienius and Arunas Stankevicius
Despite vaccination and screening measures, anogenital cancer, mainly promoted by HPV16 oncoproteins, still represents the fourth tumor and the second cause of death among women.
Authors: Diletta Francesca Squarzanti, Rita Sorrentino, Manuela Miriam Landini, Andrea Chiesa, Sabrina Pinato, Francesca Rocchio, Martina Mattii, Lorenza Penengo and Barbara Azzimonti
Few studies have analyzed influenza B virus lineages based on hemagglutinin A (HA) gene sequences in southern China. The present study analyzed the HA gene and the lineages of influenza B virus isolates from Guan...
Authors: Feng Ye, Xiao-juan Chen, Wen-da Guan, Si-hua Pan, Zi-feng Yang and Rong-chang Chen
Rabies is a fatal disease that is preventable when post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is administered in a timely fashion. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) can trigger cells that express Toll-like receptor 9, and...
Authors: Pengcheng Yu, Jianghong Yan, Weicheng Wu, Xiaoyan Tao, Xuexin Lu, Shuqing Liu and Wuyang Zhu
The pattern recognition receptors (PPRs) are the earliest phase of the host defense against pathogens in genital epithelium, and toll-like receptors (TLRs) are best characterized PPRs mediating innate immune r...
Authors: Xiaowen Lv, Huanru Wang, Airong Su, Shijie Xu and Ying Chu
Influenza A virus (IAV) is an important pathogen that poses a severe threat to the health of humans. Nucleoprotein (NP) of IAV plays crucial roles in the viral life cycle by interacting with various cellular f...
Authors: Guoyao Ma, Lin Chen, Jing Luo, Bo Wang, Chengmin Wang, Meng Li, Chengmei Huang, Juan Du, Jiajun Ma, Yungfu Chang and Hongxuan He
Xenotransplantation using pig cells, tissues and organs may help to overcome the shortage of human tissues and organs for the treatment of tissue and organ failure. Progress in the prevention of immunological ...
