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  1. The rise of the highly lethal severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-2) as corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) reminded us of the history of other pandemics that happened in the last century (Spanish flu) and stay...

    Authors: Walid F. Elkhatib, Shereen S. Abdelkareem, Wafaa S. Khalaf, Mona I. Shahin, Dounia Elfadil, Alaa Alhazmi, Ahmed I. El-Batal and Gharieb S. El-Sayyad
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:167
  2. Rotavirus is the leading global pathogen of diarrhea-associated mortality and poses a great threat to public health in all age groups. This study aimed to explore the global burden and 30-year change patterns ...

    Authors: Yuxia Du, Can Chen, Xiaobao Zhang, Danying Yan, Daixi Jiang, Xiaoxiao Liu, Mengya Yang, Cheng Ding, Lei Lan, Robert Hecht, Changtai Zhu and Shigui Yang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:166
  3. A subset of human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are the cause of virtually every cervical cancer. These so-called “high-risk” HPVs encode two major oncogenes (HPV E6 and E7) that are necessary for transformation. Am...

    Authors: Sebastian O. Wendel, Avanelle Stoltz, Xuan Xu, Jazmine A. Snow and Nicholas Wallace
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:165
  4. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, new variants of significance to public health have emerged. Consequently, early detection of new mutations and variants through whole-genome sequencing remains cru...

    Authors: Steinar Mannsverk, Julia Bergholm, Navaneethan Palanisamy, Patrik Ellström, René Kaden, Johan Lindh and Johan Lennerstrand
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:164
  5. Hepatitis delta virus (HDV), a satellite virus of hepatitis B virus (HBV), is a small, defective RNA virus strongly associated with the most severe form of hepatitis and progressive chronic liver disease and c...

    Authors: Wei-Chung Chiou, Hsu-Feng Lu, Jui-Chieh Chen, Yu-Heng Lai, Ming-Fu Chang, Yuan-Li Huang, Ni Tien and Cheng Huang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:163
  6. Influenza A virus causes respiratory disease in many animal species as well as in humans. Due to the high human-animal interface, the monitoring of canine influenza in dogs and the study of the transmission an...

    Authors: Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Supassama Chaiyawong, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Kamonpan Charoenkul, Taveesak Janethanakit, Kitikhun Udom, Sawang Kesdangsakonwut, Rachod Tantilertcharoen, Aunyaratana Thontiravong and Alongkorn Amonsin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:162
  7. Most COVID-19 patients recovered with low mortality; however, some patients experienced long-term symptoms described as “long-COVID” or “Post-COVID syndrome” (PCS). Patients may have persisting symptoms for we...

    Authors: Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb and Nermeen N. Welson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:158
  8. Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 67 is phylogenetically classified into Alphapapillomavirus species 9 (alpha-9) together with other carcinogenic types (HPV16, 31, 33, 35, 52 and 58), but is the only alpha-9 type d...

    Authors: Gota Kogure, Mamiko Onuki, Yusuke Hirose, Mayuko Yamaguchi-Naka, Seiichiro Mori, Takashi Iwata, Kazunari Kondo, Akihiko Sekizawa, Koji Matsumoto and Iwao Kukimoto
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:157
  9. Tripartite motif-containing 28 (TRIM28) is an impressive regulator of the epigenetic control of the antiviral immune response. This study evaluated if the differential expression of TRIM28 correlates with the ...

    Authors: Rezvan Tavakoli, Pooneh Rahimi, Mojtaba Hamidi-Fard, Sana Eybpoosh, Delaram Doroud, Iraj Ahmadi, Enayat Anvari, Mohammadreza Aghasadeghi and Abolfazl Fateh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:156

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2022 19:171

  10. Although cytomegalovirus (CMV) is not considered tumorigenic, there is evidence for its oncomodulatory effects and association with hematological neoplasms. Conversely, a number of experimental and clinical st...

    Authors: Marko Janković, Aleksandra Knežević, Milena Todorović, Irena Đunić, Biljana Mihaljević, Ivan Soldatović, Jelena Protić, Nevenka Miković, Vera Stoiljković and Tanja Jovanović
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:155
  11. Adenoviruses are highly prevalent pathogens responsible for a wide range of clinical diseases, including respiratory tract infection, acute gastroenteritis, and conjunctivitis. However, adenovirus infection is...

    Authors: Hongwei Zhao, Yingchao Liu, Ziheng Feng, Qianyu Feng, Kechun Li, Hengmiao Gao, Suyun Qian, Lili Xu and Zhengde Xie
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:154
  12. JC polyomavirus (JCPyV) is known to induce solid tumors such as astrocytomas, glioblastomas, and neuroblastomas in experimental animals, and recent studies have shown that the virus may be correlated with carc...

    Authors: Amir Ali Karimi, Rahil Tarharoudi, Zahra Kianmehr, Fatemeh Sakhaee, Fatemeh Rahimi Jamnani, Seyed Davar Siadat and Abolfazl Fateh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:153
  13. The coronavirus pandemic is a worldwide hazard that poses a threat to millions of individuals throughout the world. This pandemic is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ...

    Authors: Alaa Bedair, Kamal Okasha and Fotouh R. Mansour
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:152
  14. β-Amyloid (Aβ) protein is a pivotal pathogenetic factor in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, increasing evidence suggests that the brain has to continuously produce excessive Aβ to efficaciously prevent patho...

    Authors: Ming Zhong, Huiqiang Wang, Haiyan Yan, Shuo Wu, Kun Wang, Lu Yang, Boming Cui, Mengyuan Wu and Yuhuan Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:151
  15. Integrating CRISPR-Cas12a sensors with isothermal signal amplification can be exploited to develop low-cost, disposable, and ultrasensitive assays for the diagnostics of human pathogens.

    Authors: Weidong Qian, Jie Huang, Ting Wang, Cheng Fan, Jie Kang, Qian Zhang, Yongdong Li and Si Chen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:150
  16. Viruses negatively impact soybean production by causing diseases that affect yield and seed quality. Newly emerging or re-emerging viruses can also threaten soybean production because current control measures ...

    Authors: Manjula G. Elmore, Carol L. Groves, M. R. Hajimorad, Tracey P. Stewart, Mikaela A. Gaskill, Kiersten A. Wise, Edward Sikora, Nathan M. Kleczewski, Damon L. Smith, Daren S. Mueller and Steven A. Whitham
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:149
  17. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) is a dominant variant worldwide. However, the risk factors for Omicron variant clearance are yet unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the risk factors for early viral cle...

    Authors: Xiujun Zhang, Guocan Si, Huifen Lu, Wei Zhang, Shuqin Zheng, Zeyu Huang, Longgen Liu, Yuan Xue and Guojun Zheng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:148
  18. The evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence rate dynamics and genotype distribution could support the adoption of more targeted prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. We aimed to assess the i...

    Authors: Xiaoxiao Li, Fenfen Xiang, Junhua Dai, Tao Zhang, Zixi Chen, Mengzhe Zhang, Rong Wu and Xiangdong Kang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:146
  19. A growing body of evidence reports that agitation and encephalopathy are frequent in critically ill Covid-19 patients. We aimed to assess agitation’s incidence and risk factors in critically ill ARDS patients ...

    Authors: Adel Maamar, Clémence Liard, Willelm Doucet, Florian Reizine, Benoit Painvin, Flora Delamaire, Valentin Coirier, Quentin Quelven, Pauline Guillot, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Jean Marc Tadié and Arnaud Gacouin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:145
  20. COVID-19, the coronavirus disease that emerged in December 2019, caused drastic damage worldwide. At the beginning of the pandemic, available data suggested that the infection occurs more frequently in adults ...

    Authors: Haifa Khemiri, Kaouther Ayouni, Henda Triki and Sondes Haddad-Boubaker
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:144
  21. The recently published AMP trial (HVTN 703/HPTN 081 and HVTN704/HPTN 085) results have validated broad neutralising antibodies (bNAbs) as potential anti-HIV-1 agents. However, single bNAb preparations are unli...

    Authors: Tumelo Moshoette, Maria Antonia Papathanasopoulos and Mark Andrew Killick
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:143
  22. The development of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test promoted the evaluation of the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) type 4, which has been rarely studied...

    Authors: Ji Yoon Han, Woosuck Suh and Seung Beom Han
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:141
  23. Rapid and accurate detection of SARS-CoV-2 infection is the cornerstone of prompt patient care. However, the reliability of the antigen rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDT) in the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection r...

    Authors: Lan Dong, Wen-Fang Li and Ying Jiang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:140
  24. The presentation of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) caused by Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is uncommon, although clusters of GBS cases were observed in China in 2018. The underlying mechanism is unclear, pa...

    Authors: Sheng Liu, Jinyong Wang, Jun Yang and Ying Wen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:139
  25. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the distributions of vaginal microbiome dysbiosis and human papillomavirus (HPV) subtypes in infertile women and explore the correlations of HPV infection and vaginal ...

    Authors: Li Wang, Lin He, Junyu Chen, Shuyao Wei, Hongzhou Xu and Mengjun Luo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:137
  26. N-linked glycans on viral glycoproteins have been shown to be important for protein expression, processing and intracellular transport. The fusion glycoprotein F of Cedar virus (CedV) contains six potential N-...

    Authors: Kerstin Fischer, Selin Topallar, Franziska Kraatz, Martin H. Groschup and Sandra Diederich
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:136
  27. Lipids play a central role in the virus life cycle and are a crucial target to develop antiviral therapeutics. Importantly, among the other lipoproteins, the ‘good cholesterol’ high-density lipoprotein (HDL) h...

    Authors: Minu Nain, Apoorv Gupta, Sumit Malhotra and Amit Sharma
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:135
  28. Bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (BVDV-1) of the pestivirus genus is an economically crippling virus in the cattle industry; this positive RNA virus causes mucosal disease resulting in reproductive losses and other ...

    Authors: Rémi La Polla, Marie-Claire Testard, Océane Garcia, Abdelghafar Goumaidi, Catherine Legras-Lachuer and Blandine de Saint-Vis
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:134
  29. The clinical data of a patient with Epstein-barr virus (EBV) associated with cholangiocarcinoma was reported in this paper: a case of a 36-year-old female presented with abdominal pain and systemic skin yellow...

    Authors: Xinchun Zhang, Ning Wang, Wenyan Wei and Yangsheng Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:133
  30. Immunocompromised (IC) patients are at higher risk of more severe COVID-19 infections than the general population. Special considerations should be dedicated to such patients. We aimed to investigate the effic...

    Authors: Mohammad-Mehdi Mehrabi Nejad, Parnian Shobeiri, Hojat Dehghanbanadaki, Mohammadreza Tabary, Armin Aryannejad, Abdolkarim Haji Ghadery, Mahya Shabani, Fatemeh Moosaie, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi and Nima Rezaei
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:132
  31. The John Cunningham virus (JCV) is the established etiological agent of the polyomavirus-associated nephropathy among renal transplant recipients. In the present study, we aimed to determine the probable predi...

    Authors: Sajedeh Keykhosravi, Masoud Khosravi, Mohammad Shenagari, Elham Hasan-alizadeh, Mehrdad Mosadegh, Narjes Noori Goodarzi, Ali Monfared, Babak Ashrafkhani and Tolou Hasandokht
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:131
  32. The H5 subtype avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused huge economic losses to the poultry industry and is a threat to human health. A rapid and simple test is needed to confirm infection in suspected cases dur...

    Authors: Suchun Wang, Yang Li, Fuyou Zhang, Nan Jiang, Qingye Zhuang, Guangyu Hou, Lijian Jiang, Jianmin Yu, Xiaohui Yu, Hualei Liu, Chenglong Zhao, Liping Yuan, Baoxu Huang and Kaicheng Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:129
  33. Programmable gene editing systems such as CRISPR-Cas have made mosquito genome engineering more practical and accessible, catalyzing the development of cutting-edge genetic methods of disease vector control. T...

    Authors: Micaela Finney, Joseph Romanowski and Zach N. Adelman
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:128
  34. HPV (human papillomavirus) is an important cause of cervical cancer. Cervical-vaginal infection with pathogens, such as herpes simplex virus (HSV), bacterial vaginosis Trichomonas vaginalis and vaginal candidi...

    Authors: Huaping Li, Zhengguang Xiao, Baoling Xing, Suqin Wu, Ying Wang, Zhou Liu, Yanan Zeng, Joseph Cosmas Mushi, Hudie Sun and Ping Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:127

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2022 19:142

  35. Viral antigen detection test is the most common method used to detect viruses in the field rapidly. However, due to the low sensitivity, it can only be used as an auxiliary diagnosis method for virus infection...

    Authors: Ying Tang, Yuchang Li, Sen Zhang, Jing Li, Yi Hu, Wenguang Yang, Yuehong Chen, Chengfeng Qin, Tao Jiang and Xiaoping Kang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:126
  36. Zika virus (ZIKV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, has caused massive outbreaks of infection in tropical areas over the last decade and has now begun spreading to temperate countries. Little is currently kno...

    Authors: Yannick Tréguier, Jade Cochard, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Roxane Lemoine, Philippe Chouteau, Philippe Roingeard, Jean-Christophe Meunier and Marianne Maquart
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:124
  37. A few studies compared the characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients during the first and second surges of the disease. We aimed to describe the clinical features and outcomes of COVID-19 patients acro...

    Authors: Azar Hadadi, Marzieh Pirzadeh, Sina Kazemian, Haleh Ashraf, Mehdi Ebrahimi, Shahrokh Karbalai Saleh and Mohammad Talebpour
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:123
  38. Encephalitis is a serious disease of the brain characterized by prodromal and specific neurological symptoms. HIV infections offer opportunistic viruses, such as Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), the chance to cau...

    Authors: Philip El-Duah, Augustina Angelina Sylverken, Michael Owusu, Yaw Ampem Amoako, Richmond Yeboah, Richmond Gorman, Emmanuella Nyarko-Afriyie, Julia Schneider, Terry C. Jones, Joseph Bonney, Titus Adade, Eric Smart Yeboah, Tabea Binger, Victor Max Corman, Christian Drosten and Richard Odame Phillips
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:122
  39. Classical swine fever (CSF) virus is the causative agent of an economically important, highly contagious disease of pigs. CSFV is genetically and serologically related to bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). BV...

    Authors: Weicheng Yi, Hongchang Zhu, Yihan Wu, Qingmei Li, Wange Lou, Haizhong Zhao and Zishu Pan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:121
  40. Coxsackievirus A10 (CV-A10), the causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), caused a series of outbreaks in recent years and often leads to neurological impairment, but a clear understanding of t...

    Authors: Yajie Hu, Lan Wang, Mingmei Zhong, Wei Zhao, Yujue Wang, Jie Song and Yunhui Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:120
  41. From the 1078 diarrhea stools tested in our survey from 2017 to 2020 in local area of China, PEDV was the key pathogen that was closely related to the death of piglets with diarrhea. In addition, coinfection o...

    Authors: Jinghua Cheng, Jie Tao, Benqiang Li, Ying Shi and Huili Liu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:119
  42. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increased the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Identification of host factors required for HCV infection will help to unveil the HCV pathogenesis. Adaptive mutations that ena...

    Authors: Muhammad Ikram Anwar, Ni Li, Qing Zhou, Mingxiao Chen, Chengguang Hu, Tao Wu, Haihang Chen, Yi-Ping Li and Yuanping Zhou
    Citation: Virology Journal 2022 19:118