Previous published studies have reported conflicting results of association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and preeclampsia. There was no published data on HBV and preeclampsia in Africa including S...
Authors: Mohamed A. Ahmed, Manal E. Sharif, Duria A. Rayis, Abubakr M. Nasr and Ishag Adam
The treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infected patients remains complex. This present meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of Sofosbuvir (SOF) for tre...
Authors: Guotao Li, Ke Zang, Guoqiang Zhang, Danyan Zhu and Xiaozhao Deng
Rodent borne viruses of the Orthohantavirus genus cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome among people in Eurasia, and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome in the Americas. At present, there are no specific tr...
Authors: Julia Wigren Byström, Jonas Näslund, Fredrik Trulsson, Magnus Evander, Olivia Wesula Lwande, Clas Ahlm and Göran Bucht
Influenza virus infection is an ongoing health and economic burden causing epidemics with pandemic potential, affecting 5–30% of the global population annually, and is responsible for millions of hospitalizati...
Authors: Giuseppe A. Sautto, Greg A. Kirchenbaum and Ted M. Ross
Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is an immunosuppressive virus that mainly inhibits T-lymphocyte and macrophage immune functions; it has significantly damaged the farming industry. Although recent studies have s...
Authors: Xiao Liu, Haoche Wei, Shan Liao, Jianheng Ye, Ling Zhu and Zhiwen Xu
Tomato zonate spot virus (TZSV), a new species of genus Tospovirus, caused significant losses in yield and problems in quality of many important vegetables and ornamentals in Southwest China and posed a serious t...
Authors: Yanbing Niu, Defu Wang, Liyan Cui, Baoxia Wang, Xiaojing Pang and Peixia Yu
Plant viruses in agricultural crops are of great concern worldwide, and over 75% of them are transmitted from infected to healthy plants by insect vectors. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is a begomovirus, ...
Authors: Liang Geng, Li-Xin Qian, Ruo-Xuan Shao, Yin-Quan Liu, Shu-Sheng Liu and Xiao-Wei Wang
The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses of the H5 subtype, such as the H5N1 viral strains or the novel H5N8 and H5N2 reassortants, are of both veterinary and public health concern worldwide. To combat th...
Authors: Violetta Sączyńska, Anna Bierczyńska-Krzysik, Violetta Cecuda-Adamczewska, Piotr Baran, Anna Porębska, Katarzyna Florys, Marcin Zieliński and Grażyna Płucienniczak
After Publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that an author’s name has been spelt incorrectly. The correct spelling should be “Massimo Ciccozzi”, but it was previously included as...
Authors: Ana Moreno, Davide Lelli, Luca De Sabato, Guendalina Zaccaria, Arianna Boni, Enrica Sozzi, Alice Prosperi, Antonio Lavazza, Eleonora Cella, Maria Rita Castrucci, Massimo Ciccozzi and Gabriele Vaccari
Newcastle disease viruses (NDV) are highly contagious and cause disease in both wild birds and poultry. A pigeon-adapted variant of genotype VI NDV, often termed pigeon paramyxovirus 1, is commonly isolated fr...
Authors: Ying He, Tonya L. Taylor, Kiril M. Dimitrov, Salman L. Butt, James B. Stanton, Iryna V. Goraichuk, Heather Fenton, Rebecca Poulson, Jian Zhang, Corrie C. Brown, Hon S. Ip, Marcos Isidoro-Ayza and Claudio L. Afonso
Virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV, avian Avulavirus-1, APMV-1) induces a highly contagious and lethal systemic disease in gallinaceous poultry. APMV-1 antibody detection is used for surveillance and to con...
Authors: Na Zhao, Christian Grund, Martin Beer and Timm C. Harder
Swine influenza is a respiratory infection of pigs that may have a significant economic impact in affected herds and pose a threat to the human population since swine influenza A viruses (swIAVs) are zoonotic ...
Authors: Emilie Bonin, Stéphane Quéguiner, Cédric Woudstra, Stéphane Gorin, Nicolas Barbier, Timm C. Harder, Patrick Fach, Séverine Hervé and Gaëlle Simon
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) of the genus Sobemovirus is the most important viral pathogen of rice causing more damage to rice crop in Sub Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to conduct pathogenic charac...
Authors: Regis Dimitri Sokpe Longue, Valentin Stanislas Edgar Traore, Innocent Zinga, Maxwell Darko Asante, Zakaria Bouda, James Bouma Neya, Nicolas Barro and Oumar Traore
Influenza is a severe contagious disease especially in children, elderly and immunocompromised patients. Beside vaccination, the discovery of new anti-viral agents represents an important strategy to encounter...
Authors: Raihan Shah Mahmud, Ahmed Mostafa, Christin Müller, Pumaree Kanrai, Vera Ulyanova, Yulia Sokurenko, Julia Dzieciolowski, Irina Kuznetsova, Olga Ilinskaya and Stephan Pleschka
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6A and HHV-6B) infection of cell cultures can be measured by different methods, including immunofluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, or quantification of virus DNA by qPCR. These m...
Authors: Aniuska Becerra-Artiles, Tessa Santoro and Lawrence J. Stern
Recreational water contaminated with fecal pollution poses a great public health concern, as fecal waste may cause serious waterborne illnesses. Current recreational water standards using fecal indicator bacte...
Authors: Hui Zhu, Fang Yuan, Zhaokang Yuan, Rong Liu, Fei Xie, Ling Huang, Xiaojun Liu, Xiaoqing Jiang, Jian Wang, Qunying Xu, Zhiqiang Shen, Donghan Liu, Ronghao Zhang and Yuanan Lu
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been epidemic more than 30 years in America and 20 years in China. It is still one of the most important causative agents to the worldwide swine ...
Human enterovirus 71 (EV71) was previously known to enter cells through clathrin or caveolar mediated endocytic pathways. However, we observed chlorpromazine (CPZ) or dynasore (DNS), which inhibit clathrin and...
Enterovirus (EV) infection has been a serious health issue in Asia-Pacific region. It has been indicated that the occurrence of fatal hand foot and mouth disease (HFMD) cases following EV71 infection is mainly...
Numerous toxicological studies have focused on injury caused by exposure to single types of nanoparticles, but few have investigated how such exposures impact a host’s immune response to pathogen challenge. Fe...
Authors: Hao Chen, Xiao Zheng, Justine Nicholas, Sara T. Humes, Julia C. Loeb, Sarah E. Robinson, Joseph H. Bisesi Jr, Dipesh Das, Navid B. Saleh, William L. Castleman, John A. Lednicky and Tara Sabo-Attwood
Cervical cancer is the fourth most common malignancy in women worldwide. However, screening with human papillomavirus (HPV) molecular tests holds promise for reducing cervical cancer incidence and mortality in...
Authors: Pamela Moussavou-Boundzanga, Ismaël Hervé Koumakpayi, Ingrid Labouba, Eric M. Leroy, Ernest Belembaogo and Nicolas Berthet
An association between hepatitis C virus (HCV) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is supported by numerous epidemiologic studies. We hypothesized that HCV could infect human pancreatic islet cells in vitro.
Authors: Jason T. Blackard, Ling Kong, Angela Lombardi, Dirk Homann, Sara Salehi Hammerstad and Yaron Tomer
Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare immunological disorder caused by unbridled activation of T cells and macrophages, culminating in a life-threatening cytokine storm. A genetic and acquired sub...
Authors: Ellen Brisse, Maya Imbrechts, Tania Mitera, Jessica Vandenhaute, Carine H. Wouters, Robert Snoeck, Graciela Andrei and Patrick Matthys
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), which belongs to beta group of coronavirus, can infect multiple host species and causes severe diseases in humans. Multiple surveillance and phylogeneti...
Authors: Ana Moreno, Davide Lelli, Luca de Sabato, Guendalina Zaccaria, Arianna Boni, Enrica Sozzi, Alice Prosperi, Antonio Lavazza, Eleonora Cella, Maria Rita Castrucci, Massimo Ciccozzi and Gabriele Vaccari
It has been widely accepted that hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) plays an important role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to explore the function of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the e...
Authors: Yinji Jin, Di Wu, Weiwei Yang, Mingjiao Weng, Yafei Li, Xuefei Wang, Xiao Zhang, Xiaoming Jin and Tianzhen Wang
Direct acting antivirals (DAAs) provide efficient hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy and clearance for a majority of patients, but are not available or effective for all patients. They risk developing HCV-induced...
Authors: Sara M. Ø. Solbak, Eldar Abdurakhmanov, Anni Vedeler and U. Helena Danielson
Recently, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class-II gene polymorphisms have been reported to be related to Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and chronicity. The objective of this study was to explore the relationshi...
Authors: Peng Huang, Haozhi Fan, Ting Tian, Peiwen Liao, Jun Li, Rongbin Yu, Xueshan Xia, Yue Feng, Jie Wang, Yuan Liu, Yun Zhang and Ming Yue
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 1 (CCL1) is produced by activated monocytes/ macrophages and T-lymphocytes, and acts as a potent attractant for Th2 cells and a subset of T-regulatory (Treg) cells. Previous report...
This review summarized the molecular determinants of the acid stability of FMDV in order to explore the uncoating mechanism of FMDV and improve the acid stability of vaccines.
Authors: Hong Yuan, Pinghua Li, Xueqing Ma, Zengjun Lu, Pu Sun, Xingwen Bai, Jing Zhang, Huifang Bao, Yimei Cao, Dong Li, Yuanfang Fu, Yingli Chen, Qifeng Bai, Jie Zhang and Zaixin Liu
Newcastle disease is one of the most important infectious diseases of poultry, caused by Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This virus is distributed worldwide and it can cause severe economic losses in the poultr...
Authors: Ana Chumbe, Ray Izquierdo-Lara, Katherine Calderón, Manolo Fernández-Díaz and Vikram N. Vakharia
Aleutian mink disease has major economic consequences on the mink farming industry worldwide, as it causes a disease that affects both the fur quality and the health and welfare of the mink. The virus causing ...
Authors: P. Ryt-Hansen, E. E. Hagberg, M. Chriél, T. Struve, A. G. Pedersen, L. E. Larsen and C. K. Hjulsager
More than a decade after the outbreak of human coronaviruses (HCoVs) SARS in Guangdong province and Hong Kong SAR of China in 2002, there is still no reoccurrence, but the evolution and recombination of the co...
Authors: Peilin Liu, Lei Shi, Wei Zhang, Jianan He, Chunxiao Liu, Chunzhong Zhao, Siu Kai Kong, Jacky Fong Chuen Loo, Dayong Gu and Longfei Hu
The rapid rise and spread in dengue cases, together with the unavailability of safe vaccines and effective antiviral drugs, warrant the need to discover and develop novel anti-dengue treatments. In this study ...
Authors: Siti Aisyah Abdul Ahmad, Uma D. Palanisamy, Bimo A. Tejo, Miaw Fang Chew, Hong Wai Tham and Sharifah Syed Hassan
Infection with the hepatitis E virus (HEV) can cause acute hepatitis in endemic areas in immune-competent hosts, as well as chronic infection in immune-compromised subjects in non-endemic areas. Most studies a...
Authors: Ananta Shrestha, Anurag Adhikari, Manjula Bhattarai, Ramanuj Rauniyar, Jose D. Debes, André Boonstra, Thupten K. Lama, Mamun Al Mahtab, Amna Subhan Butt, Sheikh Mohammad Fazle Akbar, Nirmal Aryal, Sapana Karn, Krishna Das Manandhar and Birendra Prasad Gupta
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) is an emerging disease in swine. Pigs with PMWS are often infected with a variety of other pathogens, including bacteria, viruses and mycoplasm, in addition to...
Authors: Shuqing Liu, Wentao Li, Yang Wang, Changqin Gu, Xiaoli Liu, Catherine Charreyre, Shenxian Fan and Qigai He
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is an exogenous gammaretrovirus of domestic cats (Felis catus) and some wild felids. The outcomes of FeLV infection in domestic cats vary according to host susceptibility, virus strai...
Authors: Claudia Filoni, A. Katrin Helfer-Hungerbuehler, José Luiz Catão-Dias, Mara Cristina Marques, Luciana Neves Torres, Manfred Reinacher and Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that an incorrect genetic sequence has been cited. On page 4, paragraph 1 the following sequence is cited “ATG GAT GCC GAC AAG ATT GTM...
Authors: Kore Schlottau, Conrad M. Freuling, Thomas Müller, Martin Beer and Bernd Hoffmann
HIV infection in Cameroon is characterized by a great viral diversity with all HIV-1 groups (M, N, O, and P) and HIV-2 in circulation. HIV group determination is very important if tailored viral load analysis ...
Authors: Elodie Téclaire Ngo-Malabo, Paul Alain Ngoupo T., Martin Zekeng, Valérie Ngono, Laure Ngono, Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Richard Njouom and Anfumbom Kfutwah
Detailed knowledge of the evolutionary potential of polymorphic sites in a viral protein is important for understanding the development of drug resistance in the presence of an inhibitor. We therefore set out ...
Authors: Karolin Meixenberger, Kaveh Pouran Yousef, Maureen Rebecca Smith, Sybille Somogyi, Stefan Fiedler, Barbara Bartmeyer, Osamah Hamouda, Norbert Bannert, Max von Kleist and Claudia Kücherer
Porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3), as an emerging circovirus species, was reported to be widely circulating in the United States, China, South Korea and Poland. Previous studies revealed that PCV3 was mainly co...
Authors: Shao-Lun Zhai, Xia Zhou, He Zhang, Ben M. Hause, Tao Lin, Runxia Liu, Qin-Ling Chen, Wen-Kang Wei, Dian-Hong Lv, Xiao-Hui Wen, Feng Li and Dan Wang
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) exhibits both lytic and latent (Lat. I, II, and III) phases in an infected individual. It’s during the latent phase of EBV that all EBV-associated cancers, including Burkitt’s lymphoma...
Authors: Gina Pisano, Arunava Roy, Mairaj Ahmed Ansari, Binod Kumar, Leela Chikoti and Bala Chandran
Norovirus (NoV) is considered the second leading cause of viral acute gastroenteritis (AGE). To our knowledge, there are no systematic reviews assessing the role of NoV in AGE in the Middle East and North Afri...
Authors: Khalil Kreidieh, Rana Charide, Ghassan Dbaibo and Nada M. Melhem
Genetically modified adenoviruses (Ad) with preferential replications in tumor cells have been examined for a possible clinical applicability as an anti-cancer agent. A simple method to detect viral and cellul...
IFITM3 has been suggested to be associated with infection in some ethnic groups. Diabetes and hypercholesterolemia are also important clinical conditions that can predispose individual...
Authors: Parvaneh Mehrbod, Sana Eybpoosh, Fatemeh Fotouhi, Hadiseh Shokouhi Targhi, Vahideh Mazaheri and Behrokh Farahmand
The Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome in infected individuals. To obtain insights into the mechanism of ZIKV infection and pathogenesis, we a...
Authors: Benxia Hu, Yongxia Huo, Liping Yang, Guijun Chen, Minhua Luo, Jinlong Yang and Jumin Zhou
Gliomas are the most common brain tumors and include a variety of histologic types and grades of malignancy. They arise from glial cells and represent approximately 70% of the primary brain tumors. According t...
Authors: Araceli Garcia-Martinez, Cristina Alenda, Esperanza Irles, Enrique Ochoa, Teresa Quintanar, Alvaro Rodriguez-Lescure, Jose L. Soto and Victor M. Barbera
Interferon (IFN) inhibits viruses by inducing several hundred cellular genes, aptly named ‘interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes’ (ISGs). The only two RNA viruses of the Pneumovirus genus of the Paramyxoviridae famil...
Human papillomavirus (HPV) bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines have been widely implemented in worldwide organized immunization programs. A nonavalent HPV vaccine is now available in several countries. The obje...
Authors: S. Perez, A. Iñarrea, R. Pérez-Tanoira, M. Gil, E. López-Díez, O. Valenzuela, M. Porto, L. Alberte-Lista, M. A. Peteiro-Cancelo, A. Treinta, R. Carballo, M. C. Reboredo, M. E. Alvarez-Argüelles and M. J. Purriños
