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  1. ORF59 DNA polymerase processivity factor of the human rhadinovirus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), is required for efficient copying of the genome during virus replication. KSHV ORF59 is antig...

    Authors: A Gregory Bruce, Angela M Bakke, Courtney A Gravett, Laura K DeMaster, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Kellie L Burnside and Timothy M Rose
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:205
    Content type: Research Published on:

  2. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), an atypical Picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, grows poorly in cell culture and in general does not cause cytopathic effect. Foreign sequences have been inserted int...

    Authors: Krishnamurthy Konduru, Siham M Nakamura and Gerardo G Kaplan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:204
    Content type: Research Published on:

  3. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients affected by hereditary bleeding disorders. HCV, as others RNA virus, exploit all possible mechanisms of genetic va...

    Authors: Pilar Moreno, Macarena Alvarez, Lilia López, Gonzalo Moratorio, Didier Casane, Matías Castells, Silvia Castro, Juan Cristina and Rodney Colina
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:203
    Content type: Research Published on:

  4. HIV, HBVand HCV is major public health concerns. Because of shared routes of transmission, HIV-HCV coinfection and HIV-HBV coinfection are common. HIV-positive individuals are at risk of coinfection with HBV a...

    Authors: Mohsen Mohammadi, Gholamreza Talei, Ali Sheikhian, Farzad Ebrahimzade, Yadollah Pournia, Ehsan Ghasemi and Hadis Boroun
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:202
    Content type: Research Published on:

  5. Drug resistant HIV-1 variants were emergent more and more in AIDS individuals with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) treatment. Understanding the replication and drug resistant mutation of HIV-1 var...

    Authors: Jianping Sun, Liying Ma, Xiaoling Yu, Yang Huang, Lin Yuan and Yiming Shao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:201
    Content type: Research Published on:

  7. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is prevalent in China and screening of blood donors is mandatory. Up to now, ELISA has been universally used by the China blood bank. However, this strategy has sometimes failed due to ...

    Authors: Xing-bin Hu, Qiao-hong Yue, Xian-qing Zhang, Xue-qing Xu, Yin Wen, Yao-zhen Chen, Xiao-dong Cheng, Liu Yang and Shi-jie Mu
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:199
    Content type: Research Published on:

  9. Influenza virus (IV) infections are a major threat to human welfare and animal health worldwide. Anti-viral therapy includes vaccines and a few anti-viral drugs. However vaccines are not always available in ti...

    Authors: Stephan Pleschka, Michael Stein, Roland Schoop and James B Hudson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:197
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) is a leading cause of genital ulceration that can predispose individuals to an increased risk of acquiring other sexually transmitted infections. There are no approved HSV-2...

    Authors: William A Rose II, Chris L McGowin and Richard B Pyles
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:195
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Panicum streak virus (PanSV; Family Geminiviridae; Genus Mastrevirus) is a close relative of Maize streak virus (MSV), the most serious viral threat to maize production in Africa. PanSV and MSV have the same leaf...

    Authors: Arvind Varsani, Aderito L Monjane, Lara Donaldson, Sunday Oluwafemi, Innocent Zinga, Ephrem K Komba, Didier Plakoutene, Noella Mandakombo, Joseph Mboukoulida, Silla Semballa, Rob W Briddon, Peter G Markham, Jean-Michel Lett, Pierre Lefeuvre, Edward P Rybicki and Darren P Martin
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:194
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. The family Dicistroviridae (order Picornavirales) includes species that infect insects and other arthropods. These viruses have a linear positive-sense ssRNA genome of ~8-10 kb, which contains two long ORFs. The ...

    Authors: Andrew E Firth, Qing S Wang, Eric Jan and John F Atkins
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:193
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  15. This study was conducted to characterize Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolates obtained from waterfowl from the Upper Midwest region of the United States. A total of 43 NDVs were isolated by inoculation of cl...

    Authors: Naresh Jindal, Yogesh Chander, Ashok K Chockalingam, Martha de Abin, Patrick T Redig and Sagar M Goyal
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:191
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. Since the emergence of H5N1 high pathogenicity (HP) avian influenza virus (AIV) in Asia, numerous efforts worldwide have focused on elucidating the relative roles of wild birds and domestic poultry movement in...

    Authors: Erica Spackman, David E Swayne, Martin Gilbert, Damien O Joly, William B Karesh, David L Suarez, Ruuragchaa Sodnomdarjaa, Purevtseren Dulam and Carol Cardona
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:190
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Border disease virus (BDV) causes important reproductive losses, and eradication strategies focus on the identification and removal of persistently infected animals arising after in uterine infection. BDV infe...

    Authors: Ana Hurtado, Isbene Sanchez, Felix Bastida, Esmeralda Minguijón, Ramón A Juste and Ana L García-Pérez
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:189
    Content type: Research Published on:

  18. The Orthopoxvirus genus of Poxviridae family is comprised of several human pathogens, including cowpox (CPXV), Vaccinia (VACV), monkeypox (MPV) and Variola (VARV) viruses. Species of this virus genus cause human ...

    Authors: Abdulnaser Alkhalil, Sarah Strand, Eric Mucker, John W Huggins, Peter B Jahrling and Sofi M Ibrahim
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:188
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. Using a recently described monolayer assay amenable to high throughput screening format for the identification of potential Nipah virus and Hendra virus antivirals, we have partially screened a low molecular w...

    Authors: Mohamad Aljofan, Michael L Sganga, Michael K Lo, Christina L Rootes, Matteo Porotto, Adam G Meyer, Simon Saubern, Anne Moscona and Bruce A Mungall
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:187
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Swine hepatitis E virus (swHEV) is a zoonotic disease that is considered a major problem in pig production and presents a threat to human health. Elucidation of the major antigenic epitopes of swHEV is essenti...

    Authors: Kai Zhao, Qiwen Liu, Ruisong Yu, Zhen Li, Jianyue Li, Hong Zhu, Xiao Wu, Furong Tan, Jinbin Wang and Xueming Tang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:186
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. Very little is known about BVDV NS4B, a protein of approximately 38 kDa. However, a missense mutation in NS4B has been implicated in changing BVDV from a cytopathic to noncytopathic virus, suggesting that NS4B...

    Authors: Erica Weiskircher, Jason Aligo, Gang Ning and Kouacou V Konan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:185
    Content type: Research Published on:

  22. Multiple short hairpin RNA (shRNA) gene therapy strategies are currently being investigated for treating viral diseases such as HIV-1. It is important to use several different shRNAs to prevent the emergence o...

    Authors: Glen J Mcintyre, Yi Hsin Yu, Anna Tran, Angel B Jaramillo, Allison J Arndt, Michelle L Millington, Maureen P Boyd, Fiona A Elliott, Sylvie W Shen, John M Murray and Tanya L Applegate
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:184
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Hyperglycemic conditions associated with diabetes mellitus (DM) or with the use of antiretroviral therapy may increase the risk of central nervous system (CNS) disorders in HIV-1 infected patients. In support ...

    Authors: Edward A Acheampong, Cassandra Roschel, Muhammad Mukhtar, Alagarsamy Srinivasan, Mohammad Rafi, Roger J Pomerantz and Zahida Parveen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:183
    Content type: Research Published on:

  25. Abnormalities in liver function tests could be produced exclusively by direct inflammation in hepatocytes, caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Mechanisms by which HIV causes hepatic damage are st...

    Authors: José Antonio Mata-Marín, Jesús Gaytán-Martínez, Bernardo Horacio Grados-Chavarría, José Luis Fuentes-Allen, Carla Ileana Arroyo-Anduiza and Alfredo Alfaro-Mejía
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:181
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  26. The European swine influenza viruses (SIVs) show considerable diversity comprising different types of H1N1, H3N2, and H1N2 strains. The intensifying full genome sequencing efforts reveal further reassortants w...

    Authors: Ádám Bálint, Giorgi Metreveli, Frederik Widén, Siamak Zohari, Mikael Berg, Mats Isaksson, Lena HM Renström, Per Wallgren, Sándor Belák, Thomas Segall and István Kiss
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:180
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  27. Jembrana disease virus (JDV) encodes a potent regulatory protein Tat that strongly stimulates viral expression by transactivating the long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter. JDV Tat (jTat) promotes the transcript...

    Authors: Yang Su, Gang Deng, Yuanming Gai, Yue Li, Yang Gao, Jiansen Du, Yunqi Geng, Qimin Chen and Wentao Qiao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:179
    Content type: Research Published on:

  28. Heterocapsa circularisquama DNA virus (HcDNAV; previously designated as HcV) is a giant virus (girus) with a ~356-kbp double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genome. HcDNAV lytically infects the bivalve-killing marine dinofl...

    Authors: Hiroyuki Ogata, Kensuke Toyoda, Yuji Tomaru, Natsuko Nakayama, Yoko Shirai, Jean-Michel Claverie and Keizo Nagasaki
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:178
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  29. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes a prolonged, economically devastating infection in pigs, and immune resistance to infection appears variable. Since the porcine adaptive immun...

    Authors: Kelly L Klinge, Eric M Vaughn, Michael B Roof, Elida M Bautista and Michael P Murtaugh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:177
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. Vaccination of mice with minor capsid protein L2 or passive transfer with the L2-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody RG-1 protects against human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) challenge. Here we explored...

    Authors: Ratish Gambhira, Subhashini Jagu, Balasubramanyam Karanam, Patricia M Day and Richard Roden
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:176
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  31. Hepatitis A virus (HAV), an atypical Picornaviridae that causes acute hepatitis in humans, usurps the HAV cellular receptor 1 (HAVCR1) to infect cells. HAVCR1 is a class 1 integral membrane glycoprotein that cont...

    Authors: Erica Silberstein, Krishnamurthy Konduru and Gerardo G Kaplan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:175
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Human Adenoviruses infect the upper and lower respiratory tracts, the urinary and digestive tracts, lymphoid systems and heart, and give rise to epidemic conjunctivitis. More than 51 human serotypes have been ...

    Authors: Nicola Imelli, Zsolt Ruzsics, Daniel Puntener, Michele Gastaldelli and Urs F Greber
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:174
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  33. Salmonid alphavirus (SAV) causes disease in farmed salmonid fish and is divided into different genetic subtypes (SAV1-6). Here we report the cloning and characterization of the 5'- and 3'- untranslated regions...

    Authors: Marius Karlsen, Stephane Villoing, Espen Rimstad and Are Nylund
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:173
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  34. Chikungunya has resurged in the form of unprecedented explosive epidemic in 2006 after a long gap in India affecting 1.39 million of persons. The disease continued for the next two consecutive years affecting ...

    Authors: SR Santhosh, Paban Kumar Dash, Manmohan Parida, Mohasin Khan and PVL Rao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:172
    Content type: Study protocol Published on:

  36. Mice and guinea pigs were experimentally exposed to aerosols containing regionally-distinct strains (NJ1959 or ArgM) of eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) at two exclusive particle size distributions. Mi...

    Authors: Chad J Roy, Douglas S Reed, Catherine L Wilhelmsen, Justin Hartings, Sarah Norris and Keith E Steele
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:170
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Geminiviruses are single-stranded DNA viruses that cause serious crop losses worldwide. Successful infection by these pathogens depends extensively on virus-host intermolecular interactions that allow them to ...

    Authors: Diana L Trejo-Saavedra, Jean P Vielle-Calzada and Rafael F Rivera-Bustamante
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:169
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. The ubiquitin system functions in a variety of cellular processes including protein turnover, protein sorting and trafficking. Many viruses exploit the cellular ubiquitin system to facilitate viral replication...

    Authors: Yoko Ushijima, Fumi Goshima, Hiroshi Kimura and Yukihiro Nishiyama
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:168
    Content type: Research Published on:

  39. An outbreak of orf virus infection in dairy goats in Korea was investigated. Suspected samples of the skin and lip of affected goats were sent to the laboratory for more exact diagnosis. Orf virus was detected...

    Authors: Jae-Ku Oem, In-Soon Roh, Kyung-Hyun Lee, Kyoung-Ki Lee, Hye-Ryoung Kim, Young-Hwa Jean and O-Soo Lee
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:167
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  40. Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is the prototypic rhabdovirus and the best studied member of the order Mononegavirales. There is now compelling evidence that enveloped virions released from infected cells carry ...

    Authors: Megan Moerdyk-Schauwecker, Sun-Il Hwang and Valery Z Grdzelishvili
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:166
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Currently, there are no conclusive results on the efficacy of adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) plus lamivudine (LAM) in LAM-resistant patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB). The aim of study was to evaluate the effic...

    Authors: En-Qiang Chen, Li-Chun Wang, Jun Lei, Lu Xu and Hong Tang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:163
    Content type: Review Published on:

  45. Human astroviruses are a leading cause of gastrointestinal disease. Since their discovery in 1975, 8 closely related serotypes have been described in humans, and more recently, two new astrovirus species, astr...

    Authors: Stacy R Finkbeiner, Lori R Holtz, Yanfang Jiang, Priya Rajendran, Carl J Franz, Guoyan Zhao, Gagandeep Kang and David Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:161
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  46. Strains of the astaxanthin producing yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous have been isolated from different cold regions around the earth, and the presence of double stranded RNA (dsRNA) elements was described in ...

    Authors: Marcelo Baeza, Mario Sanhueza, Oriana Flores, Vicente Oviedo, Diego Libkind and Víctor Cifuentes
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:160
    Content type: Research Published on:

  47. Reverse transcriptases from HIV-1 and MuLV respectively prefer Mg2+ and Mn2+ for their polymerase activity, with variable fidelity, on both RNA and DNA templates. The function of the RNase H domain with respect t...

    Authors: Tanaji T Talele, Alok Upadhyay and Virendra N Pandey
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:159
    Content type: Research Published on:

  48. Avian influenza viruses, belonging to the family Orthomyxoviridae, possess distinct combinations of hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N) surface glycoproteins. Typing of both H and N antigens is essenti...

    Authors: Chitra Upadhyay, Arun Ammayappan and Vikram N Vakharia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:158
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Although the presence of Asia 2 group of canine distemper virus (CDV) was known by the sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of hemagglutinin (H) gene, the fusion (F) protein gene sequence of Asia 2 group had n...

    Authors: Serageldeen Sultan, Nataya Charoenvisal, Nguyen Thi Lan, Ryoji Yamaguchi, Ken Maeda and Kazushige Kai
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:157
    Content type: Research Published on:

  50. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the main causes of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Although combined interferon-α-ribavirin therapy is effective for about 50% of the patients with HCV, better therapie...

    Authors: Hitoshi Suzuki, Norihiko Matsumoto, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Myint OO Chang and Hiroshi Takaku
    Citation: Virology Journal 2009 6:156
    Content type: Research Published on:
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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X