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  1. The gut microbiome is closely associated with the health of the host; although the interaction between the bacterial microbiome and the whole virome has rarely been studied, it is likely of medical importance....

    Authors: Heng Li, Hongzhe Li, Jingjing Wang, Lei Guo, Haitao Fan, Huiwen Zheng, Zening Yang, Xing Huang, Manman Chu, Fengmei Yang, Zhanlong He, Nan Li, Jinxi Yang, Qiongwen Wu, Haijing Shi and Longding Liu

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:105

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  3. The high genetic diversity of HIV-1 has been shown to influence the global distribution, disease progression, treatment success, and the development of an effective vaccine. Despite the low HIV prevalence in C...

    Authors: Lem Edith Abongwa, Anthony Kebira Nyamache, Judith Ndongo Torimiro, Paul Okemo and Fokunang Charles

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:103

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  4. Dengue virus (DENV) infection is one of the biggest challenges for human health in the world. In addition, a secondary DENV infection sometimes causes dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which frequently leads to ...

    Authors: Keita Suzuki, Emi E. Nakayama, Akatsuki Saito, Akio Egawa, Tairyu Sato, Juthamas Phadungsombat, Rummana Rahim, Abu Hasan, Hisahiko Iwamoto, Mizanur Rahman and Tatsuo Shioda

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:102

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  5. Current HCV treatments are genotype specific although potential pan-genotype treatments have recently been described. Therefore, genotyping is an essential tool for the therapeutic management of HCV infection ...

    Authors: Paul Alain Tagnouokam-Ngoupo, Marie Nicole Ngoufack, Sebastien Kenmoe, Simon Frédéric Lissock, Marie Amougou-Atsama, Robert Banai, Laure Ngono and Richard Njouom

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:101

    Content type: Research

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  6. Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara has been employed as a safe and potent viral vector vaccine against infectious diseases and cancer. We generated recMVAs encoding norovirus GII.4 genotype capsid prot...

    Authors: Franziska Kugler, Ingo Drexler, Ulrike Protzer, Dieter Hoffmann and Hassan Moeini

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:100

    Content type: Methodology

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  8. Coxsackievirus A10 (CA10) constitutes one of the four major pathogens causing hand, foot and mouth disease in infants. Infectious clones are of great importance for studying viral gene functions and pathogenic...

    Authors: Qiliang Liu, Hanliang Dan, Xiaoping Zhao, Huoying Chen, Yongbei Chen, Ning Zhang, Zhijing Mo and Hongbo Liu

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:98

    Content type: Research

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  9. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), a member of the family Coronaviridae, causes lethal watery diarrhea in piglets. Previous studies have revealed that the coronaviruses develop various strategies to evad...

    Authors: Yanan Wang, Aoying Sun, Yu Sun, Sijia Zhang, Tian Xia, Tiantian Guo, Zhenye Hao, Li Sun, Yanping Jiang, Xinyuan Qiao, Wen Cui, Lijie Tang, Yigang Xu, Yijing Li and Li Wang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:97

    Content type: Research

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  13. Dengue fever is a febrile disease caused by dengue virus (DENV), which affects people throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Indonesia. East Kalimantan (Borneo) province suffer...

    Authors: R. Tedjo Sasmono, Lily Pertiwi Kalalo, Suryani Trismiasih, Dionisius Denis, Benediktus Yohan, Rahma F. Hayati and Sotianingsih Haryanto

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:93

    Content type: Research

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  14. HPV DNA Array is an E1-targeting PCR genotyping test, with capability of distinguishing 18 high-risk (16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82) and 11 low-risk HPV types (6, 11, 4...

    Authors: Aleksandra Pesic, Amrei Krings, Matthias Hempel, Rosemarie Preyer, Kimon Chatzistamatiou, Theodoros Agorastos and Andreas M. Kaufmann

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:92

    Content type: Research

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  15. Influenza A and B viruses mainly cause respiratory infectious disease. Till now, few tests are able to simultaneously detect both, especially in primary medical establishments.

    Authors: Qingjun Pan, Weiquan Wu, Shuzhen Liao, Sijie Wang, Chunfei Zhao, Chen Li and Ping Wu

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:91

    Content type: Research

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  16. Nelson Bay orthoreovirus (NBV) was first isolated over 40 years ago from a fruit bat in Australia. Normally, NBV does not cause human diseases, but recently several NBV strains have been associated with human ...

    Authors: Xiao-Li Tao, Wei Zhao, Wei Tong, Xiao-Fang Wang, Li-Li Dou, Jiang-Man Chen, Nian Liu, Ying Lu, Yi-Bo Zhang, Xu-Peng Jin, Yan-Fei Shen, Hong-Yan Zhao, Hong Jin and Yong-Gang Li

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:90

    Content type: Research

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  17. A tenuivirus, referred to here as JKI 29327, was isolated from a black medic (Medicago lupulina) plant collected in Austria. The virus was mechanically transmitted to Nicotiana benthamiana, M. lupulina, M. sativa

    Authors: Yahya Z. A. Gaafar, Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler, Angelika Sieg-Müller, Petra Lüddecke, Kerstin Herz, Jonas Hartrick, Yvonne Seide, Heinrich-Josef Vetten and Heiko Ziebell

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:89

    Content type: Short report

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  19. Human infection with avian influenza H7N9 virus was first reported in 2013. Since the fifth epidemic, a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus has emerged and caused 33 human infections. Several p...

    Authors: Jing Tang, Jing Zhang, Jianfang Zhou, Wenfei Zhu, Lei Yang, Shumei Zou, Hejiang Wei, Li Xin, Weijuan Huang, Xiyan Li, Yanhui Cheng and Dayan Wang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:87

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  20. Human adenoviruses are a common group of viruses that cause acute infectious diseases. Human adenovirus (HAdV) 3 and HAdV 7 cause major outbreaks of severe pneumonia. A reliable and practical method for HAdV t...

    Authors: Rui-huan Wang, Hong Zhang, Yi Zhang, Xin-na Li, Xin-xin Shen, Ju-ju Qi, Guo-hao Fan, Xing-yu Xiang, Zhi-fei Zhan, Zi-wei Chen and Xue-jun Ma

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:86

    Content type: Methodology

    Published on:

  21. Type A influenza viruses (IAVs) cause significant infections in humans and multiple species of animals including pigs, horses, birds, dogs and some marine animals. They are of complicated phylogenetic diversit...

    Authors: Qingye Zhuang, Suchun Wang, Shuo Liu, Guangyu Hou, Jinping Li, Wenming Jiang, Kaicheng Wang, Cheng Peng, Dong Liu, Aizhen Guo and Jiming Chen

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:85

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  22. Advances in molecular laboratory techniques are changing the prospects for the diagnosis of viral infectious diseases. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay (multiplex-PCR) can detect dozens of pathogens s...

    Authors: Le Wang, Shuo Yang, Xiaotong Yan, Teng Liu, Zhishan Feng and Guixia Li

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:84

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  23. Shenzhen City is a rapidly growing area with a large number of floating populations, thus making it difficult to control HIV. Serial cross-sectional studies are helpful for the prediction of epidemiological te...

    Authors: Dijing Jia, Jin Zhao, Yongjian Liu, Xiaolin Wang, Lei Jia, Tao Gui, Lin Chen, Chenli Zheng, Jingwan Han, Tianyi Li, Jingyun Li, Hanping Li and Lin Li

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:83

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  24. Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) is a bipartite cucurbit-infecting crinivirus within the family Closteroviridae. The crinivirus genome varies among genera. P4.9 is the first protein encoded by CCYV RNA2. P...

    Authors: Ying Wei, Yajuan Shi, Xaioyu Han, Siyu Chen, Honglian Li, Linlin Chen, Bingjian Sun and Yan Shi

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:82

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  25. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) protein UL56 (pUL56) has been implicated in viral dissemination and virulence in vivo. However, the properties of PRV pUL56 remain largely unknown. In the present study, we aim to inve...

    Authors: Chuang Lyu and Xuehui Cai

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:81

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  26. Rabies virus (RABV), a member of Lyssavirus of Rhabdoviridae family, is a kind of negative-strand RNA virus. The zoonosis caused by RABV leads to high mortality in animals and humans. Though with the extensive...

    Authors: Jie Gao, Xinyu Wang, Mingxin Zhao, Enhua Liu, Ming Duan, Zhenhong Guan, Yidi Guo and Maolin Zhang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:80

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  27. The increased levels of blood cytokines is the main immunopathological process that were attributed to severe clinical outcomes in cases of influenza A, influenza B and people with influenza-like illness (ILI)...

    Authors: Mohsen Keshavarz, Haideh Namdari, Mohammad Farahmand, Parvaneh Mehrbod, Talat Mokhtari-Azad and Farhad Rezaei

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:79

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  28. Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) cause a wide range of diseases. However, the genotype diversity and epidemiological information relating to HAdVs among hospitalized children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs)...

    Authors: Li-hong Yao, Chao Wang, Tian-li Wei, Hao Wang, Fen-lian Ma and Li-shu Zheng

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:78

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  29. Influenza B virus is a main causative pathogen of annual influenza epidemics, however, research on influenza B virus in general lags behind that on influenza A viruses, one of the important reasons is studies ...

    Authors: Bing Yuan, Chunguang Yang, Xueshan Xia, Mark Zanin, Sook-san Wong, Fan Yang, Jixiang Chang, Zhitong Mai, Jin Zhao, Yunhui Zhang, Runfeng Li, Nanshan Zhong and Zifeng Yang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:77

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  30. Stratified mucin-producing intraepithelial lesion (SMILE) is a rare precursor lesion in the uterine cervix that is considered a variant of adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS). Although human papillomavirus (HPV) is t...

    Authors: Shiho Fukui, Kazunori Nagasaka, Naoko Iimura, Ranka Kanda, Takayuki Ichinose, Takeru Sugihara, Haruko Hiraike, Shunsuke Nakagawa, Yuko Sasajima and Takuya Ayabe

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:76

    Content type: Case Report

    Published on:

  31. Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a DNA virus that causes reproductive failure in gilts and sows, resulting in embryonic and fetal losses worldwide. Epitope mapping of PPV is important for developing new vaccines. I...

    Authors: Ancelmo Rabelo de Souza, Marriam Yamin, Danielle Gava, Janice Reis Ciacci Zanella, Maria Sílvia Viccari Gatti, Carlos Francisco Sampaio Bonafe and Daniel Ferreira de Lima Neto

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:75

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  32. Patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 3 infection remain a difficult-to-cure population. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir-based regimen in genotype 3 patients in a real-world...

    Authors: Qunying Han, Xiude Fan, Xiaoyun Wang, Ye Wang, Huan Deng, Xiaoge Zhang, Kun Zhang, Na Li and Zhengwen Liu

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:74

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  33. The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) regulates the expression levels of cellular proteins by ubiquitination of protein substrates followed by their degradation via the proteasome. As a highly conserved cellul...

    Authors: Fanyun Kong, Hongjuan You, Delong Kong, Kuiyang Zheng and Renxian Tang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:73

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  34. Human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and E7 oncoproteins play a crucial role in HPV-related diseases, such as cervical cancer, and can be used as ideal targets for therapeutic vaccines. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ...

    Authors: Jiaoyu He, Yasi Yang, Zuyi Chen, Yang Liu, Shanfei Bao, Yun Zhao and Xianping Ding

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:72

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  35. Lates calcarifer, known as seabass in Asia and barramundi in Australia, is a widely farmed species internationally and in Southeast Asia and any disease outbreak will have a great economic impact on the aquacultu...

    Authors: Jing Chen, Xinyu Toh, Jasmine Ong, Yahui Wang, Xuan-Hui Teo, Bernett Lee, Pui-San Wong, Denyse Khor, Shin-Min Chong, Diana Chee, Alvin Wee, Yifan Wang, Mee-Keun Ng, Boon-Huan Tan and Taoqi Huangfu

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:71

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  36. A novel nepovirus was identified and characterised from caraway, and tentatively named caraway yellows virus (CawYV). Tubular structures with isomeric virus particles typical for nepoviruses were observed in i...

    Authors: Yahya Z. A. Gaafar, Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler, Angelika Sieg-Müller, Petra Lüddecke, Kerstin Herz, Jonas Hartrick, Christina Maaß, Roswitha Ulrich and Heiko Ziebell

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:70

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  37. Coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily cause enzootic infections in birds and mammals but, in the last few decades, have shown to be capable of infecting humans as well. The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndro...

    Authors: Dewald Schoeman and Burtram C. Fielding

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:69

    Content type: Review

    Published on:

  38. Shingles (localized zoster) and disseminated zoster are caused by the reactivation of latent varicella zoster virus (VZV). Reactivation of VZV is related to impaired cell-mediated immunity. Extensive burns aff...

    Authors: Yoshitaka Kubota, Kentaro Kosaka, Toshinori Hokazono, Yoshihisa Yamaji, Takafumi Tezuka, Shinsuke Akita, Motone Kuriyama and Nobuyuki Mitsukawa

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:68

    Content type: Case Report

    Published on:

  39. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection may lead to a series of lesions in the cervix. Distributions of HPV genotypes reveal that an increased prevalence of high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) is positively correlated with th...

    Authors: C. Zhang, Wj Cheng, Q. Liu, Q. Guan and Qw Zhang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:67

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  40. Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) causes enzootic bovine leukosis, the most common neoplastic disease of cattle. Previously, we reported the luminescence syncytium induction assay (LuSIA), an assay for BLV infectivi...

    Authors: Hirotaka Sato, Sonoko Watanuki, Lanlan Bai, Liushiqi Borjigin, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Yasunobu Matsumoto, Yuma Hachiya, Hiroshi Sentsui and Yoko Aida

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:66

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  41. Yellow fever, Dengue, West Nile and Zika viruses are re-emerging mosquito-borne Flaviviruses of public health concern. However, the extent of human exposure to these viruses and associated disease burden in Kenya...

    Authors: E. Chepkorir, D. P. Tchouassi, S. L. Konongoi, J. Lutomiah, C. Tigoi, Z. Irura, F. Eyase, M. Venter and R. Sang

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:65

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  42. Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) due to group A rotavirus (RVA) agent is one of the major causes of hospitalization in paediatric age. The G3P[8] RVA genotype has been usually considered as one of the major human g...

    Authors: Susanna Esposito, Barbara Camilloni, Sonia Bianchini, Giovanni Ianiro, Ilaria Polinori, Edoardo Farinelli, Marina Monini and Nicola Principi

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:64

    Content type: Case Report

    Published on:

  43. Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common childhood disease, which is usually caused by enterovirus A (EV-A) serotypes. Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) are the main etiologic ag...

    Authors: Jie Zhang, Hongbo Liu, Yilin Zhao, Haihao Zhang, Hao Sun, Xiaoqin Huang, Zhaoqing Yang, Jiansheng Liu and Shaohui Ma

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:63

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  44. Dengue is hyperendemic in Colombia, where a cyclic behavior of serotype replacement leading to periodic epidemics has been observed for decades. This level of endemicity favors accumulation of dengue virus gen...

    Authors: Katherine Laiton-Donato, Diego A. Alvarez, Dioselina Peláez-Carvajal, Marcela Mercado, Nadim J. Ajami, Irene Bosch and José A. Usme-Ciro

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:62

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

  46. In the original publication of the article [1], as the quotation below was included without specific permission from Dr. Gary Marty, which is against the Virology Journal guidelines for the citation of unpublishe...

    Authors: Molly J. T. Kibenge, Yingwei Wang, Nick Gayeski, Alexandra Morton, Kurt Beardslee, Bill McMillan and Frederick S. B. Kibenge

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:60

    Content type: Correction

    Published on:

    The original article was published in Virology Journal 2019 16:41

  47. Much evidence has demonstrated the influence of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) mutations on the clinical course of HBV infection. As large (L) protein plays a crucial role for viral entry, we hypothesized that mutati...

    Authors: Suguru Ogura, Masahiko Tameda, Kazushi Sugimoto, Makoto Ikejiri, Masanobu Usui, Masaaki Ito and Yoshiyuki Takei

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:59

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  48. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have gained much attention as cellular factors regulating hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. miR-27b has been shown to regulate HCV infection in the hepatocytes via various mechanisms that h...

    Authors: Fuminori Sakurai, Rina Hashimoto, Chieko Inoue, Keisaku Wakabayashi, Tomohito Tsukamoto, Tsutomu Imaizumi, Taracena Gandara Marcos Andres, Eiko Sakai, Kanae Itsuki, Naoya Sakamoto, Takaji Wakita and Hiroyuki Mizuguchi

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:58

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  49. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is an economically important viral pathogen for swine industry worldwide. However, current PCV2 vaccines provide incomplete protection against the PCV2d, which has recently eme...

    Authors: Zhumei Hou, Honghua Wang, Yanni Feng, Qingwang Li and Junwei Li

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:57

    Content type: Research

    Published on:

  50. Tetraparvovirus, formerly known as Partetravirus, is a newly discovered genus in the family Parvoviridae that is considered phylogenetically distinct from other parvoviruses. However, nothing is known about the p...

    Authors: Yangyang Pan, Yun Wang, Meng Wang, Qian Zhang, Abdul Rasheed Baloch, Jun Zhou, Jing Ma, Jam Kashif, Gengquan Xu, Libin Wang, Jiangfeng Fan, Yan Cui and Sijiu Yu

    Citation: Virology Journal 2019 16:56

    Content type: Short report

    Published on:

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ISSN: 1743-422X