Alexander DJ: Newcastle disease in the European Union 2000 to 2009. Avian Pathol 2011, 40: 547-558.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Flint SJ, Enquist LW, Racaniello VR, Skalka AM: Attachment and Entry. In Principles of Virology. Volume 1. 3rd edition. Edited by: Flint SJ, Enquist LW, Racaniello VR, Skalka AM. Washington, DC: ASM press; 2009:128-165.
Google Scholar
Glickman RL, Syddall RJ, Iorio RM, Sheehan JP, Bratt MA: Quantitative basic residue requirements in the cleavage-activation site of the fusion glycoprotein as a determinant of virulence for Newcastle disease virus. J Virol 1988, 62: 354-356.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Dortmans JC, Koch G, Rottier PJ, Peeters BP: Virulence of newcastle disease virus: what is known so far? Vet Res 2011, 42: 122.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Ogasawara T, Gotoh B, Suzuki H, Asaka J, Shimokata K, Rott R, Nagai Y: Expression of factor X and its significance for the determination of paramyxovirus tropism in the chick embryo. EMBO J 1992, 11: 467-472.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Panda A, Huang Z, Elankumaran S, Rockemann DD, Samal SK: Role of fusion protein cleavage site in the virulence of Newcastle disease virus. Microb Pathog 2004, 36: 1-10.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
de Leeuw OS, Hartog L, Koch G, Peeters BP: Effect of fusion protein cleavage site mutations on virulence of Newcastle disease virus: non-virulent cleavage site mutants revert to virulence after one passage in chicken brain. J Gen Virol 2003, 84: 475-484.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Kim LM, King DJ, Curry PE, Suarez DL, Swayne DE, Stallknecht DE, Slemons RD, Pedersen JC, Senne DA, Winker K, Afonso CL: Phylogenetic diversity among low-virulence newcastle disease viruses from waterfowl and shorebirds and comparison of genotype distributions to those of poultry-origin isolates. J Virol 2007, 81: 12641-12653.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Miller PJ, Decanini EL, Afonso CL: Newcastle disease: evolution of genotypes and the related diagnostic challenges. Infect Genet Evol 2010, 10: 26-35.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Diel DG, da Silva LH, Liu H, Wang Z, Miller PJ, Afonso CL: Genetic diversity of avian paramyxovirus type 1: proposal for a unified nomenclature and classification system of Newcastle disease virus genotypes. Infect Genet Evol 2012, 12: 1770-1779.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Munir M, Abbas M, Khan MT, Zohari S, Berg M: Genomic and biological characterization of a velogenic Newcastle disease virus isolated from a healthy backyard poultry flock in 2010. Virol J 2012, 9: 46.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gould AR, Kattenbelt JA, Selleck P, Hansson E, Della-Porta A, Westbury HA: Virulent Newcastle disease in Australia: molecular epidemiological analysis of viruses isolated prior to and during the outbreaks of 1998–2000. Virus research 2001, 77: 51-60.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Westbury H: Newcastle disease virus: an evolving pathogen? Avian Pathol 2001, 30: 5-11.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Shengqing Y, Kishida N, Ito H, Kida H, Otsuki K, Kawaoka Y, Ito T: Generation of velogenic Newcastle disease viruses from a nonpathogenic waterfowl isolate by passaging in chickens. Virology 2002, 301: 206-211.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ge S, Zheng D, Zhao Y, Liu H, Liu W, Sun Q, Li J, Yu S, Zuo Y, Han X, et al.: Evaluating viral interference between Influenza virus and Newcastle disease virus using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in chicken eggs. Virol J 2012, 9: 128.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Jindal N, Chander Y, Chockalingam AK, de Abin M, Redig PT, Goyal SM: Phylogenetic analysis of Newcastle disease viruses isolated from waterfowl in the upper midwest region of the United States. Virol J 2009, 6: 191.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wallensten A, Munster VJ, Latorre-Margalef N, Brytting M, Elmberg J, Fouchier RA, Fransson T, Haemig PD, Karlsson M, Lundkvist A, et al.: Surveillance of influenza A virus in migratory waterfowl in northern Europe. Emerg Infect Dis 2007, 13: 404-411.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Latorre-Margalef N, Gunnarsson G, Munster VJ, Fouchier RA, Osterhaus AD, Elmberg J, Olsen B, Wallensten A, Haemig PD, Fransson T, et al.: Effects of influenza A virus infection on migrating mallard ducks. Proc Biol Sci 2009, 276: 1029-1036.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kraus RH, van Hooft P, Waldenstrom J, Latorre-Margalef N, Ydenberg RC, Prins HH: Avian influenza surveillance with FTA cards: field methods, biosafety, and transportation issues solved. J Vis Exp 2011, 54: 1-6.
Google Scholar
Spackman E, Senne DA, Myers TJ, Bulaga LL, Garber LP, Perdue ML, Lohman K, Daum LT, Suarez DL: Development of a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay for type A influenza virus and the avian H5 and H7 hemagglutinin subtypes. J Clin Microbiol 2002, 40: 3256-3260.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Wise MG, Suarez DL, Seal BS, Pedersen JC, Senne DA, King DJ, Kapczynski DR, Spackman E: Development of a real-time reverse-transcription PCR for detection of newcastle disease virus RNA in clinical samples. J Clin Microbiol 2004, 42: 329-338.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
WHO: Manual for the laboratory diagnosis and virological surveillance of influenza. 2011. Available: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548090_eng.pdf
Google Scholar
Drummond AA B, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A: Geneious v5.3. 2010. http://www.geneious.com
Google Scholar
Katoh K, Kuma K, Toh H, Miyata T: MAFFT version 5: improvement in accuracy of multiple sequence alignment. Nucleic Acids Res 2005, 33: 511-518.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Gouy M, Guindon S, Gascuel O: SeaView version 4: A multiplatform graphical user interface for sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree building. Mol Biol Evol 2010, 27: 221-224.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Tamura K, Nei M: Estimation of the number of nucleotide substitutions in the control region of mitochondrial DNA in humans and chimpanzees. Mol Biol Evol 1993, 10: 512-526.
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Felsenstein J: Confidence-Limits on Phylogenies - an Approach Using the Bootstrap. Evolution 1985, 39: 783-791.
Article
Google Scholar
Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S: MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods. Mol Biol Evol 2011, 28: 2731-2739.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Agresti A, Coull BA: Approximate is better than “exact” for interval estimation of binomial proportions. The American Statistician 1998, 52: 119-126.
Google Scholar
Fisher RA: On the interpretation of x(2) from contingency tables, and the calculation of P. J R Stat Soc 1922, 85: 87-94.
Article
Google Scholar
Linde AM, Munir M, Zohari S, Stahl K, Baule C, Renstrom L, Berg M: Complete genome characterisation of a Newcastle disease virus isolated during an outbreak in Sweden in 1997. Virus Genes 2010, 41: 165-173.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Munir M, Linde AM, Zohari S, Stahl K, Baule C, Engstrom B, LH MR, Berg M: Whole genome sequencing and characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in Sweden. Virus Genes 2011, 43: 261-271.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Gunnarsson G, Latorre-Margalef N, Hobson KA, Van Wilgenburg SL, Elmberg J, Olsen B, Fouchier RA, Waldenstrom J: Disease dynamics and bird migration–linking mallards Anas platyrhynchos and subtype diversity of the influenza A virus in time and space. PLoS One 2012, 7: e35679.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lindh E, Ek-Kommonen C, Vaananen VM, Alasaari J, Vaheri A, Vapalahti O, Huovilainen A: Molecular epidemiology of outbreak-associated and wild-waterfowl-derived newcastle disease virus strains in Finland, including a novel class I genotype. J Clin Microbiol 2012, 50: 3664-3673.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Fuller CM, Brodd L, Irvine RM, Alexander DJ, Aldous EW: Development of an L gene real-time reverse-transcription PCR assay for the detection of avian paramyxovirus type 1 RNA in clinical samples. Arch Virol 2010, 155: 817-823.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Hoque MA, Burgess GW, Karo-Karo D, Cheam AL, Skerratt LF: Monitoring of wild birds for Newcastle disease virus in north Queensland, Australia. Prev Vet Med 2012, 103: 49-62.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Huovilainen A, Ek-Kommone C, Manvell R, Kinnunen L: Phylogenetic analysis of avian paramyxovirus 1 strains isolated in Finland. Arch Virol 2001, 146: 1775-1785.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Sakai K, Sakabe G, Tani O, Watanabe Y, Jahangir A, Nakamura M, Takehara K: Characterization of Newcastle disease virus isolated from northern pintail (Anas acuta) in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2007, 69: 1307-1311.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Cattoli G, Susta L, Terregino C, Brown C: Newcastle disease: a review of field recognition and current methods of laboratory detection. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011, 23: 637-656.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Snoeck CJ, Marinelli M, Charpentier E, Sausy A, Conzemius T, Losch S, Muller CP: Characterization of newcastle disease viruses in wild and domestic birds in Luxembourg from 2006 to 2008. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013, 79: 639-645.
Article
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Liu X, Wang X, Wu S, Hu S, Peng Y, Xue F: Surveillance for avirulent Newcastle disease viruses in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhynchos and Cairina moschata) at live bird markets in Eastern China and characterization of the viruses isolated. Avian Pathol 2009, 38: 377-391.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Guillemain M, Sadoul N, Simon GR: European flyway permeability and abmigration in Teal Anas crecca, an analysis based on ringing recoveries. Ibis 2005, 147: 688-696.
Article
Google Scholar
Olsen B, Munster VJ, Wallensten A, Waldenstrom J, Osterhaus ADME, Fouchier RAM: Global patterns of influenza A virus in wild birds. Science 2006, 312: 384-388.
Article
PubMed
CAS
Google Scholar
Munir M, Linde AM, Zohari S, Stahl K, Baule C, Holm K, Engstrom B, Berg M: Complete genome analysis of an avian paramyxovirus type 1 strain isolated in 1994 from an asymptomatic black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) in southern Sweden. Avian Dis 2010, 54: 923-930.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
El Zowalaty ME, Chander Y, Redig PT, Abd El Latif HK, El Sayed MA, Goyal SM: Selective isolation of Avian influenza virus (AIV) from cloacal samples containing AIV and Newcastle disease virus. J Vet Diagn Invest 2011, 23: 330-332.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shortridge KF, King AP: Cocultivation of avian orthomyxoviruses and paramyxoviruses in embryonated eggs: implications for surveillance studies. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983, 45: 463-467.
PubMed
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar