Articles

Construction and characterization of an improved DNA-launched infectious clone of duck hepatitis a virus type 1

DNA-launched infectious system is a useful tool with high rescue efficiency that allows the introduction of mutations in specific positions to investigate the function of an individual viral element. Rescued v...

Authors: Junhao Chen, Ruihua Zhang, Shaoli Lin, Pengfei Li, Jingjing Lan, Zhijing Xie, Yu Wang and Shijin Jiang

Validation of a pan-orthopox real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of viral genomes from nonhuman primate blood

In 1980, smallpox disease was eradicated from nature and Variola virus, the etiological agent of smallpox, was confined to two laboratories, one located in Russia (Moscow) later moved to VECTOR (Novosibirsk, Sibe...

Authors: Eric M. Mucker, Christopher Hartmann, Donna Hering, Wendy Giles, David Miller, Robert Fisher and John Huggins

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses....

Authors: Meripet Polat, Shin-nosuke Takeshima and Yoko Aida

Hepatitis C virus genotypes in Saudi Arabia: a future prediction and laboratory profile

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes and subtypes are considered an important tool for epidemiological and clinical studies and valuable markers for disease progression and response to antiviral therapy. The aim ...

Authors: Amen Bawazir, Fahad AlGusheri, Hoda Jradi, Mohammed AlBalwi and Abdel-Galil Abdel-Gader

A novel polyomavirus from the nasal cavity of a giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

Polyomaviruses infect a wide variety of mammalian and avian hosts with a broad spectrum of outcomes including asymptomatic infection, acute systemic disease, and tumor induction.

Authors: Dunwu Qi, Tongling Shan, Zhijian Liu, Xutao Deng, Zhihe Zhang, Wenlei Bi, Jacob Robert Owens, Feifei Feng, Lisong Zheng, Feng Huang, Eric Delwart, Rong Hou and Wen Zhang

A comparative study of multiple clinical enterovirus 71 isolates and evaluation of cross protection of inactivated vaccine strain FY-23 K-B in vitro

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease, which mostly affects infants and children and leads to severe neurological diseases. Vaccination offers the best option for...

Authors: Ting Yang, Hua Li, Lei Yue, Xia Song, Tianhong Xie, Shaohui Ma, Huaqing Meng, Ye Zhang, Xin He, Runxiang Long, Rong Yang, Fangyu Luo, Zhongping Xie and Qihan Li

The dose of HBV genome contained plasmid has a great impact on HBV persistence in hydrodynamic injection mouse model

Hydrodynamic injection (HI) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) mouse model is an useful tool for HBV related research in vivo. However, only 40% of C57/BL6 mice injected with 10 μg HBV genome contained plasmid (pAAV-H...

Authors: Lei Li, Sheng Li, Yun Zhou, Lu Yang, Di Zhou, Yan Yang, Mengji Lu, Dongliang Yang and Jingjiao Song

Marburg virus-like particles by co-expression of glycoprotein and matrix protein in insect cells induces immune responses in mice

Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe haemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates and has a high mortality rate. However, effective drugs or licensed vaccines are not currently available to control the out...

Authors: Weiwei Gai, Xuexing Zheng, Chong Wang, Hualei Wang, Yongkun Zhao, Qi Wang, Gary Wong, Weijiao Zhang, Na Feng, Boning Qiu, Hang Chi, Nan Li, Tiecheng Wang, Yuwei Gao, Junjie Shan, Songtao Yang…

Chronic hepatitis B carriers with acute on chronic liver failure show increased HBV surface gene mutations, including immune escape variants

The pathogenesis of acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between HBV polymerase (P...

Authors: Shan Gao, Shivali S. Joshi, Carla Osiowy, Y. Chen, Carla S. Coffin and Z-P. Duan

Porcine Viperin protein inhibits the replication of classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in vitro

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is the causative pathogen of Classical swine fever (CSF), a highly contagious disease of swine. Viperin is one of the hundreds of interferon-stimulat...

Authors: Wenliang Li, Li Mao, Yongguo Cao, Bin Zhou, Leilei Yang, Linxiao Han, Fei Hao, Tao Lin, Wenwen Zhang and Jieyuan Jiang

Genetic polymorphisms of HLA-DP and isolated anti-HBc are important subsets of occult hepatitis B infection in Indonesian blood donors: a case-control study

Occult hepatitis B infection (OBI) is defined as the presence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in the serum and/or liver in HBsAg-negative individuals. OBI is associated with the risk of viral transmission, espe...

Authors: Yan Mardian, Yoshihiko Yano, Widya Wasityastuti, Neneng Ratnasari, Yujiao Liang, Wahyu Aristyaning Putri, Teguh Triyono and Yoshitake Hayashi

In silico analysis of the grapefruit sRNAome, transcriptome and gene regulation in response to CTV-CDVd co-infection

Small RNA (sRNA) associated gene regulation has been shown to play a significant role during plant-pathogen interaction. In commercial citrus orchards co-infection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) and viroids oc...

Authors: Marike Visser, Glynnis Cook, Johan T. Burger and Hans J. Maree

The proposed new species, cacao red vein virus, and three previously recognized badnavirus species are associated with cacao swollen shoot disease

Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV), Cacao swollen shoot CD virus (CSSCDV), and Cacao swollen shoot Togo A virus (CSSTAV) cause cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) in West Africa. During 2...

Authors: Nomatter Chingandu, Koffie Kouakou, Romain Aka, George Ameyaw, Osman A. Gutierrez, Hans-Werner Herrmann and Judith K. Brown

Differential expression of porcine microRNAs in African swine fever virus infected pigs: a proof-of-concept study

African swine fever (ASF) is a re-expanding devastating viral disease currently threatening the pig industry worldwide. MicroRNAs are a class of 17–25 nucleotide non- coding RNAs that have been shown to have c...

Authors: Fernando Núñez-Hernández, Lester Josué Pérez, Marta Muñoz, Gonzalo Vera, Francesc Accensi, Armand Sánchez, Fernando Rodríguez and José I. Núñez

Sequence-specific detection of different strains of LCMV in a single sample using tentacle probes

Virus infections often result in quasispecies of viral strains that can have dramatic impacts on disease outcomes. However, sequencing of viruses to determine strain composition is time consuming and often cos...

Authors: Lina S. Franco, Susan A. Holechek, Michael R. Caplan and Joseph N. Blattman

Is MMTV associated with human breast cancer? Maybe, but probably not

Conflicting results regarding the association of MMTV with human breast cancer have been reported. Published sequence data have indicated unique MMTV strains in some human samples. However, concerns regarding ...

Authors: Raisa Perzova, Lynn Abbott, Patricia Benz, Steve Landas, Seema Khan, Jordan Glaser, Coleen K. Cunningham and Bernard Poiesz

Hospital-visiting pregnant women signal an increased spread of hepatitis C infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan

Seroprevalence of hepatitis C in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan was determined by screening blood samples of expectant mothers seeking antenatal care in gynecological units of district hospitals. The ...

Authors: Zobia Afsheen, Bashir Ahmad and Shumaila Bashir

Detection and phylogenetic analyses of spike genes in porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strains circulating in China in 2016–2017

Large-scale outbreaks of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) have re-emerged in China in recent years. However, little is known about the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of field strains of PED virus ...

Authors: Qiaoling Zhang, Xinsheng Liu, Yuzhen Fang, Peng Zhou, Yonglu Wang and Yongguang Zhang

A study of Epstein-Barr virus infection in the Chinese tree shrew(Tupaia belangeri chinensis)

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is closely associated with many human diseases, including a variety of deadly human malignant tumours. However, due to the lack of ideal animal models,the biological characteristics of...

Authors: Zhi Wang, Xiang Yi, Long Du, Hong Wang, Jie Tang, Menglin Wang, Chenglin Qi, Heng Li, Yongjing Lai, Wei Xia and Anzhou Tang

Mucus and Mucins: do they have a role in the inhibition of the human immunodeficiency virus?

Mucins are large O-linked glycosylated proteins which give mucus their gel-forming properties. There are indications that mucus and mucins in saliva, breast milk and in the cervical plug inhibit the human immu...

Authors: Anwar Suleman Mall, Habtom Habte, Yolanda Mthembu, Julia Peacocke and Corena de Beer

Genetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 from pigs affected with PMWS in Chile reveals intergenotypic recombination

Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a very small, non-enveloped and icosahedral virus, with circular single stranded DNA genome. This virus is the most ubiquitous and persistent pathogen currently affecting th...

Authors: Victor Neira, Natalia Ramos, Rodrigo Tapia, Juan Arbiza, Andrónico Neira-Carrillo, Manuel Quezada, Álvaro Ruiz and Sergio A. Bucarey

Recombinant Newcastle disease virus rL-RVG enhances the apoptosis and inhibits the migration of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells via regulating alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in vitro

The aim of this study were to investigate the possible pro-apoptotic mechanisms of the recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strain rL-RVG, which expresses the rabies virus glycoprotein, in A549 lung adeno...

Authors: Yulan Yan, Chunxiang Su, Min Hang, Hua Huang, Yinghai Zhao, Xiaomei Shao and Xuefeng Bu

Characterization and epitope mapping of Dengue virus type 1 specific monoclonal antibodies

Dengue virus (DV) infection causes a spectrum of clinical diseases ranging from dengue fever to a life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever. Four distinct serotypes (DV1–4), which have similar genome sequences...

Authors: Wen-Hung Chen, Feng-Pai Chou, Yu-Kuo Wang, Sheng-Cih Huang, Chuan-Hung Cheng and Tung-Kung Wu

Viral metagenomics of aphids present in bean and maize plots on mixed-use farms in Kenya reveals the presence of three dicistroviruses including a novel Big Sioux River virus-like dicistrovirus

Aphids are major vectors of plant viruses. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and maize (Zea mays L.) are important crops that are vulnerable to aphid herbivory and aphid-transmitted viruses. In East and Central...

Authors: Francis O. Wamonje, George N. Michuki, Luke A. Braidwood, Joyce N. Njuguna, J. Musembi Mutuku, Appolinaire Djikeng, Jagger J. W. Harvey and John P. Carr

Identification of a novel linear B-cell epitope using a monoclonal antibody against the carboxy terminus of the canine distemper virus nucleoprotein and sequence analysis of the identified epitope in different CDV isolates

The Nucleoprotein (NP) is the most abundant and highly immunogenic protein in canine distemper virus (CDV), playing an important role in CDV viral replication and assembly.

Authors: Li Yi, Zhigang Cao, Mingwei Tong, Yuening Cheng, Yong Yang, Shuang Li, Jianke Wang, Peng Lin, Yaru Sun, Miao Zhang and Shipeng Cheng

Phylogenetic, antigenic and biological characterization of pigeon paramyxovirus type 1 circulating in China

For many years, ND has been one of the most important infectious pigeon diseases in China. In recent years, a high mortality has been observed in ND-infected pigeons in China. Mortality is from 40% to 80% or 1...

Authors: Xusheng Qiu, Chunchun Meng, Yuan Zhan, Shengqing Yu, Shichao Li, Tingting Ren, Weifeng Yuan, Shuqin Xu, Yingjie Sun, Lei Tan, Cuiping Song, Ying Liao, Zhuang Ding, Xiufan Liu and Chan Ding

Two mutations in the HR2 region of Newcastle disease virus fusion protein with a cleavage motif “RRQRRL” are critical for fusogenic activity

Newcastle disease virus (NDV) causes severe diseases in avian species. Its fusion protein cleavage site (Fcs) is a major contributor to virulence and membrane fusion. Previous studies showed that a change from...

Authors: Yanhong Wang, Youkun Bi, Wanqi Yu, Ning Wei, Wenbin Wang, Qiaolin Wei, Xinglong Wang, Shuxia Zhang, Zengqi Yang and Sa Xiao

Development of molecular confirmation tools for swift and easy rabies diagnostics

As rabies still represents a major public threat with tens of thousands of deaths per year, particularly in developing countries, adequate surveillance based on rapid and reliable rabies diagnosis for both hum...

Authors: Kore Schlottau, Conrad M. Freuling, Thomas Müller, Martin Beer and Bernd Hoffmann

Molecular characterization of the duck enteritis virus US10 protein

There is little information regarding the duck enteritis virus (DEV) US10 gene and its molecular characterization.

Authors: Daixi Zhang, Maoyin Lai, Anchun Cheng, Mingshu Wang, Ying Wu, Qiao Yang, Mafeng Liu, Dekang Zhu, Renyong Jia, Shun Chen, Kunfeng Sun, Xinxin Zhao and Xiaoyue Chen

Erratum to: Metabolomics of rhabdomyosarcoma cell during echovirus 30 infection

Authors: Sarika Tiwari and Tapan N. Dhole

A novel Coltivirus-related virus isolated from free-tailed bats from Côte d’Ivoire is able to infect human cells in vitro

Zoonotic transmission events play a major role in the emergence of novel diseases. While such events are virtually impossible to predict, wildlife screening for potential emerging pathogens can be a first step...

Authors: Sabrina Weiss, Piotr Wojtek Dabrowski, Andreas Kurth, Siv Aina J. Leendertz and Fabian H. Leendertz

Characteristics of influenza H13N8 subtype virus firstly isolated from Qinghai Lake Region, China

Since the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza caused thousands of deaths of wild bird in this area in 2005, Qinghai Lake in China has become a hot spot for study of the influence of avian influenza to migratory w...

Authors: Jie Dong, Hong Bo, Ye Zhang, Libo Dong, Shumei Zou, Weijuan Huang, Jia Liu, Dayan Wang and Yuelong Shu

Bacteriophage therapy to combat bacterial infections in poultry

Infections in poultry are an economic and health problem in Europe and worldwide. The most common infections are associated with salmonellosis, colibacillosis, campylobacteriosis, and others. The prevalence of Ca...

Authors: Andrzej Wernicki, Anna Nowaczek and Renata Urban-Chmiel

Fucoidan from Fucus vesiculosus suppresses hepatitis B virus replication by enhancing extracellular signal-regulated Kinase activation

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a serious public health problem leading to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. As the clinical utility of current therapies is limited, the development of new therapeut...

Authors: Huifang Li, Junru Li, Yuan Tang, Lin Lin, Zhanglian Xie, Jia Zhou, Liyun Zhang, Xiaoyong Zhang, Xiaoshan Zhao, Zhengliang Chen and Daming Zuo

Hepatitis delta: virological and clinical aspects

There are an estimated 400 million chronic carriers of HBV worldwide; between 15 and 20 million have serological evidence of exposure to HDV. Traditionally, regions with high rates of endemicity are central an...

Authors: Luan Felipo Botelho-Souza, Mariana Pinheiro Alves Vasconcelos, Alcione de Oliveira dos Santos, Juan Miguel Villalobos Salcedo and Deusilene Souza Vieira

Clade homogeneity and low rate of delta virus despite hyperendemicity of hepatitis B virus in Ethiopia

Although hepatitis B virus (HBV) is hyperendemic and heterogeneous in its genetic diversity in Ethiopia, little is known about hepatitis D virus (HDV) circulating genotypes and molecular diversity.

Authors: Yeshambel Belyhun, Uwe Gerd Liebert and Melanie Maier

Non-polio enteroviruses in faeces of children diagnosed with acute flaccid paralysis in Nigeria

The need to investigate the contribution of non-polio enteroviruses to acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) cannot be over emphasized as we move towards a poliovirus free world. Hence, we aim to identify non-polio en...

Authors: T. O. C. Faleye, M. O. Adewumi, M. O. Japhet, O. M. David, A. O. Oluyege, J. A. Adeniji and O. Famurewa

Recombinant expression of beak and feather disease virus capsid protein and assembly of virus-like particles in Nicotiana benthamiana

Beak and feather disease virus (BFDV) is an important disease causing agent affecting psittacines. BFDV is highly infectious and can present as acute, chronic or subclinical disease. The virus causes immunodef...

Authors: Guy L. Regnard, Edward P. Rybicki and Inga I. Hitzeroth

The effect of bovine BST2A1 on the release and cell-to-cell transmission of retroviruses

Human BST2 (hBST2, also called Tetherin) is a host restriction factor that blocks the release of various enveloped viruses. BST2s from different mammals also possess antiviral activity. Bovine BST2s (bBST2s), ...

Authors: Zhibin Liang, Yang Zhang, Jie Song, Hui Zhang, Suzhen Zhang, Yue Li, Juan Tan and Wentao Qiao

First isolation and genetic characterization of pseudocowpox virus from cattle in Japan

Pseudocowpox virus (PCPV) infects cattle worldwide with zoonotic potential but has not been isolated in Japan. Thus, the epidemiological status of PCPV infection in cattle is undetermined.

Authors: Akifumi Ohtani, Akihiro Yokoyama, Hisato Narushige and Yasuo Inoshima

The porcine virome and xenotransplantation

The composition of the porcine virome includes viruses that infect pig cells, ancient virus-derived elements including endogenous retroviruses inserted in the pig chromosomes, and bacteriophages that infect a ...

Authors: Joachim Denner

Isolation and characterization of the fall Chinook aquareovirus

Salmon are paramount to the economy, ecology, and history of the Pacific Northwest. Viruses constitute one of the major threats to salmon health and well-being, with more than twenty known virus species that i...

Authors: Negar Makhsous, Nicole L. Jensen, Katherine H. Haman, William N. Batts, Keith R. Jerome, James R. Winton and Alexander L. Greninger

Detection and epidemic dynamic of ToCV and CCYV with Bemisia tabaci and weed in Hainan of China

In recent years, two of the crinivirus, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus (CCYV) have gained increasing attention due to their rapid spread and devastating impacts on vegetable pr...

Authors: Xin Tang, Xiaobin Shi, Deyong Zhang, Fan Li, Fei Yan, Youjun Zhang, Yong Liu and Xuguo Zhou

Effective usage of cationic derivatives of polyprenols as carriers of DNA vaccines against influenza virus

Cationic derivatives of polyprenols (trimethylpolyprenylammonium iodides – PTAI) with variable chain length between 6 and 15 isoprene units prepared from naturally occurring poly-cis-prenols were tested as DNA va...

Authors: Anna Stachyra, Monika Rak, Patrycja Redkiewicz, Zbigniew Madeja, Katarzyna Gawarecka, Tadeusz Chojnacki, Ewa Świeżewska, Marek Masnyk, Marek Chmielewski, Agnieszka Sirko and Anna Góra-Sochacka

Prevalence of human pegivirus-1 and sequence variability of its E2 glycoprotein estimated from screening donors of fetal stem cell-containing material

Human pegivirus-1 (HPgV-1) is a member of the Flaviviridae family whose genomic organization and mode of cellular entry is similar to that of hepatitis C virus (HCV). The E2 glycoprotein of HPgV-1 is the principl...

Authors: Yakov Vitrenko, Iryna Kostenko, Kateryna Kulebyakina and Khrystyna Sorochynska

Duck enteritis virus (DEV) UL54 protein, a novel partner, interacts with DEV UL24 protein

UL24 is a multifunctional protein that is conserved among alphaherpesviruses and is believed to play an important role in viral infection and replication.

Authors: Xinghong Gao, Renyong Jia, Mingshu Wang, Qiao Yang, Shun Chen, Mafeng Liu, Zhongqiong Yin and Anchun Cheng

The genetic structure of Turnip mosaic virus population reveals the rapid expansion of a new emergent lineage in China

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is one of the most widespread and economically important virus infecting both crop and ornamental species of the family Brassicaceae. TuMV isolates can be cl...

Authors: Xiangdong Li, Tiansheng Zhu, Xiao Yin, Chengling Zhang, Jia Chen, Yanping Tian and Jinliang Liu

Real-life prevalence of resistance-associated variants against non-structural protein 5A inhibitors and efficiency of Daclatasvir + Asunaprevir therapy in Korean patients with genotype 1b hepatitis C

Direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treatment are tolerable and highly effective in a shorter period of time than before. However, resistance-associated variants (RAVs) can affect the...

Authors: Jung Hwan Yu, Jung Il Lee, Kwan Sik Lee and Ja Kyung Kim

Membrane-anchored CCL20 augments HIV Env-specific mucosal immune responses

Induction of broad immune responses at mucosal site remains a primary goal for most vaccines against mucosal pathogens. Abundance of evidence indicates that the co-delivery of mucosal adjuvants, including cyto...

Authors: Xianliang Sun, Han Zhang, Shuiling Xu, Lili Shi, Jingjian Dong, Dandan Gao, Yan Chen and Hao Feng

Rapid evolution of the PB1-F2 virulence protein expressed by human seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses reduces inflammatory responses to infection

Influenza A virus (IAV) PB1-F2 protein has been linked to viral virulence. Strains of the H3N2 subtype historically express full-length PB1-F2 proteins but during the 2010–2011 influenza seasons, nearly half o...

Authors: Julie McAuley, Yi-Mo Deng, Brad Gilbertson, Charley Mackenzie-Kludas, Ian Barr and Lorena Brown