Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is established as one of the causative agents of respiratory tract infections. To date, there are limited reports that describe the effect of HMPV genotypes and/or viral load on di...
Authors: Xiang Yong Oong, Jack Bee Chook, Kim Tien Ng, Wei Zhen Chow, Kok Gan Chan, Nik Sherina Hanafi, Yong Kek Pang, Yoke Fun Chan, Adeeba Kamarulzaman and Kok Keng Tee
Maize lethal necrosis is caused by a synergistic co-infection of Maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) and a specific member of the Potyviridae, such as Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Wheat streak mosaic virus (WSM...
Authors: Mwathi Jane Wamaitha, Deepti Nigam, Solomon Maina, Francesca Stomeo, Anne Wangai, Joyce Njoki Njuguna, Timothy A. Holton, Bramwel W. Wanjala, Mark Wamalwa, Tanui Lucas, Appolinaire Djikeng and Hernan Garcia-Ruiz
Artemisia scoparia Waldst and Kit is a famous traditional Chinese medicine widely distributed in Xinjiang, China. Flavonoids extracted from it exhibits inhibitory activities against several influenza virus strain...
Authors: Haiyan Yan, Huiqiang Wang, Linlin Ma, Xueping Ma, Jinqiu Yin, Shuo Wu, Hua Huang and Yuhuan Li
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects approximately 350 million people worldwide, causing a major risk of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Many mouse models have been tried to establish ...
Authors: Xian Wang, Jianmin Zhu, Yong Zhang, Yue Li, Tai Ma, Qun Li, Jiegou Xu and Long Xu
N6-methyl-adenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA modification in many species. Abnormal m6A methylation levels can lead to RNA dysfunction and can cause diseases. Tobacco mosai...
Authors: Zhurui Li, Jing Shi, Lu Yu, Xiaozhen Zhao, Longlu Ran, Deyu Hu and Baoan Song
Hepatocytes infected by hepatitis B virus (HBV) produce different HBV RNA species, including pregenomic RNA (pgRNA), which is reverse transcribed during replication. Particles containing HBV RNA are present in...
Authors: Kasthuri Prakash, Gustaf E. Rydell, Simon B. Larsson, Maria Andersson, Gunnar Norkrans, Heléne Norder and Magnus Lindh
‘Rapid Apple Decline’ (RAD) is a newly emerging problem of young, dwarf apple trees in the Northeastern USA. The affected trees show trunk necrosis, cracking and canker before collapse in summer. In this study...
Authors: Huawei Liu, Liping Wu, Ekaterina Nikolaeva, Kari Peter, Zongrang Liu, Dimitre Mollov, Mengji Cao and Ruhui Li
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are arboviruses that share the same Aedes mosquito vector, and there is much overlap in endemic areas. In India, co-infection with both viruses is often reported....
Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a significant problem for HIV patients, with the risk of developing ADRs increasing as the infection progresses to AIDS. However, the pathophysiology underlying ADRs remains u...
Authors: Kemi Adeyanju, John R. Bend, Michael J. Rieder and Gregory A. Dekaban
Hantavirus infection is a zoonotic disease that is associated with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and cardiopulmonary syndrome in human. Anjozorobe virus, a representative virus of Thailand orthohantavi...
The human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) affects 2–5 million people worldwide, and is associated with a number of degenerative and infectious diseases. The Envelope glycoproteins (gp) are highly conserve...
Authors: Maria de Nazaré do Socorro de Almeida Viana, Akim Felipe Santos Nobre, Edivaldo Costa Jr, Ingrid Christiane Silva, Bruna Teles Pinheiro, Cássia Cristine Costa Pereira, Louise de Souza Canto Ferreira, Danilo Souza de Almeida, Marcos William Leão de Araújo, Mariza da Silva Borges, Carlos Araujo da Costa, Edna Aoba Yassui Ishikawa, Stephen Francis Ferrari and Maísa Silva de Sousa
Human adenovirus (HAdV) serotypes 2, 3 and 7 are more prevalent than other serotypes and have been associated with severe pneumonia in pediatric children. Molecular typing of HAdV is not routinely performed in...
Authors: Fang-zhou Qiu, Xin-xin Shen, Meng-chuan Zhao, Li Zhao, Su-xia Duan, Chen Chen, Ju-Ju Qi, Gui-xia Li, Le Wang, Zhi-shan Feng and Xue-jun Ma
The Oral Polio Vaccine (OPV or Sabin) is genetically unstable and may mutate to form vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs).
Authors: Mary Bridget Nanteza, Barnabas Bakamutumaho, Annet Kisakye, Prossy Namuwulya, Henry Bukenya, Edson Katushabe, Josephine Bwogi, Charles Rutebarika Byabamazima, Raffaella Williams and Nicksy Gumede
Zika virus infection in new born is linked to congenital syndromes, especially microcephaly. Studies have shown that these neuropathies are the result of significant death of neuronal progenitor cells in the c...
Authors: Julie Gaburro, Asim Bhatti, Vinod Sundaramoorthy, Megan Dearnley, Diane Green, Saeid Nahavandi, Prasad N. Paradkar and Jean-Bernard Duchemin
Rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children under five years of age in both developed and developing countries. The World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends the surveil...
Authors: Catherine Boni-cisse, Sindou Meite, Alice Britoh Mlan, Flore Zaba, Rebecca N’Guessan, Nicaise Aka Lepri and Bélinda Lartey
Variations in HPV LCR/E6/E7 have been shown to be associated with the viral persistence and cervical cancer development. So far, there are few reports about the polymorphisms of the HPV-58 LCR/E6/E7 sequences ...
Authors: Juemin Xi, Junying Chen, Miaoling Xu, Hongying Yang, Songjiao Wen, Yue Pan, Xiaodan Wang, Chao Ye, Lijuan Qiu and Qiangming Sun
To investigate the predictive capability of microRNAs (miRNAs) prior treatment for HBsAg clearance in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) treated with pegylated interferon α-2a (PEG-IFNα-2a).
Authors: Yanlin Yang, Ming Liu, Ying Deng, Yan Guo, Xuqing Zhang, Dedong Xiang, Li Jiang, Zhonglan You, Yi Wu, Maoshi Li and Qing Mao
The 2014/2015 Ebolavirus outbreak resulted in more than 28,000 cases and 11,323 reported deaths, as of March 2016. Domestic transmission of the Guinea strain associated with the outbreak occurred mainly in six...
Authors: Ameh S. James, Shawn Todd, Nina M. Pollak, Glenn A. Marsh and Joanne Macdonald
Infection with Parvovirus B19 (B19V), Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Herpes Simplex Virus-1/2 (HSV-1/2) may cause fetal loses including spontaneous abortion, intrauterine fetal death and non-immune hydrops fetalis....
Authors: Ya-Ling Gao, Zhan Gao, Miao He and Pu Liao
In China, the rice pathogen Rice yellow stunt virus (RYSV), a member of the genus Nucleorhabdovirus in the family Rhabdoviridae, was a severe threat to rice production during the1960s and1970s. Fundamental aspect...
Authors: Haitao Wang, Juan Wang, Yunjie Xie, Zhijun Fu, Taiyun Wei and Xiao-Feng Zhang
Mosquitoes are the potential vectors for a variety of viruses that can cause diseases in the human and animal populations. Viruses in the order Picornavirales infect a broad range of hosts, including mosquitoes. ...
Authors: Harindranath Cholleti, Juliette Hayer, Jose Fafetine, Mikael Berg and Anne-Lie Blomström
Enteroviruses account for about one billion infections worldwide each year, the majority remain asymptomatic. Data on enterovirus infections during pregnancy appear to be very rare. Several cases have been rep...
Authors: Z. Khediri, C. Vauloup-Fellous, A. Benachi, J. M. Ayoubi, L. Mandelbrot and O. Picone
Enteroviruses are the most common causative agents of human illness. Enteroviruses have been associated with regional and global epidemics, recently, including with severe disease (Enterovirus A71 and D68), an...
Authors: Nguyen Thi Thuy Chinh B’Krong, Ngo Ngoc Quang Minh, Phan Tu Qui, Tran Thi Hong Chau, Ho Dang Trung Nghia, Lien Anh Ha Do, Nguyen Ngoc Nhung, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Guy Thwaites, Le Van Tan, H. Rogier van Doorn and Tran Tan Thanh
Analysis of metagenomic sequences has become the principal approach for the study of the diversity of viruses. Many recent, extensive metagenomic studies on several classes of viruses have dramatically expande...
Authors: Natalya Yutin, Disa Bäckström, Thijs J. G. Ettema, Mart Krupovic and Eugene V. Koonin
With the recent discovery of novel H17N10 and H18N11 influenza viral RNA in bats and report on high frequency of avian H9 seroconversion in a species of free ranging bats, an important issue to address is the ...
Authors: Tessa Slater, Isabella Eckerle and Kin-Chow Chang
Endometrial cancer (EC) is one of the most common gynecological malignancies globally. Although progress has been made in surgical and other adjuvant therapies, there is still a great need to develop new appro...
Nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses are doubled stranded DNA viruses capable of infecting eukaryotic cells. Since the discovery of Mimivirus and Pandoravirus, there has been no doubt about their extraordinary...
Authors: Julien Andreani, Jonathan Verneau, Didier Raoult, Anthony Levasseur and Bernard La Scola
Rift Valley Fever Phlebovirus (RVFV) and Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Orthonairovirus (CCHFV) specific antibodies had been documented among humans in urban settings of the southwestern and northern Cameroon...
Authors: Serge Alain Sadeuh-Mba, Gide Martial Yonga Wansi, Maurice Demanou, Antoine Gessain and Richard Njouom
Kadipiro virus (KDV) belongs to the Reoviridae family, which consists of segmented, non-enveloped, double-stranded RNA viruses. It has previously been isolated from Culex, Anopheles, Armigeres and Aedes mosquitoe...
Authors: Weijia Zhang, Fan Li, Aiguo Liu, Xiaojuan Lin, Shihong Fu, Jingdong Song, Guifang Liu, Nan Shao, Zexin Tao, Qianying Wang, Ying He, Wenwen Lei, Guodong Liang, Aiqiang Xu, Li Zhao and Huanyu Wang
Iris yellow spot virus (IYSV) is an Orthotospovirus that infects most Allium species. Very few approaches for specific detection of IYSV from infected plants are available to date. We report the development of a ...
Authors: Cui Yu, Cuiyun Yang, Shaoyi Song, Zixiang Yu, Xueping Zhou and Jianxiang Wu
The 4 dengue serotypes (DENV) are mosquito-borne pathogens that are associated with severe hemorrhagic disease. DENV particles have a lipid bilayer envelope that anchors two membrane glycoproteins prM and E. T...
Authors: Stefan W. Metz, Ashlie Thomas, Laura White, Mark Stoops, Markus Corten, Holger Hannemann and Aravinda M. de Silva
Sheeppox (SPP) and goatpox (GTP) caused by sheeppox virus (SPPV) and goatpox virus (GTPV), respectively of the genus Capripoxvirus in the family Poxviridae, are severely afflicting small ruminants’ production sys...
Authors: Tesfaye Rufael Chibssa, Reingard Grabherr, Angelika Loitsch, Tirumala Bharani K. Settypalli, Eeva Tuppurainen, Nick Nwankpa, Karim Tounkara, Hafsa Madani, Amel Omani, Mariane Diop, Giovanni Cattoli, Adama Diallo and Charles Euloge Lamien
It has been reported that the emergence of HBV rtA181T/sW172* mutant could result in a dominant secretion defect of HBsAg and increase the risk of HCC development. This study was designed to reveal the role an...
Authors: Meng-Lan Wang, Dong-Bo Wu, Ya-Chao Tao, Lan-Lan Chen, Cui-Ping Liu, En-Qiang Chen and Hong Tang
A vaccine against all four dengue virus (DENV) serotypes includes the formulation of one genotype of each serotype. Although genetic similarities among genotypes within a serotype are higher as compared to tho...
Authors: Nor Azila Muhammad Azami, Meng Ling Moi, Yasushi Ami, Yuriko Suzaki, Chang-Kweng Lim, Satoshi Taniguchi, Masayuki Saijo, Tomohiko Takasaki and Ichiro Kurane
Hendra virus and Nipah virus are zoonotic viruses that have caused severe to fatal disease in livestock and human populations. The isolation of Cedar virus, a non-pathogenic virus species in the genus Henipavirus
Authors: Eric D. Laing, Moushimi Amaya, Chanakha K. Navaratnarajah, Yan-Ru Feng, Roberto Cattaneo, Lin-Fa Wang and Christopher C. Broder
Women living with HIV are at increased risk to be co-infected with HPV, persistent high-risk (HR) human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and increased HR HPV viral load, which make them more at risk for cervical...
Authors: Sonia Menon, Stanley Luchters, Rodolfo Rossi, Steven Callens, Mandaliya Kishor, Johannes Bogers and Davy vanden Broeck
The tumor suppressor gene p53 has been found to suppress HIV infection by various mechanisms, but the inhibition of HIV at an early stage of replication by host cell p53 and its downstream gene p21 has not bee...
Authors: Binshan Shi, Hamayun J. Sharifi, Sara DiGrigoli, Michaela Kinnetz, Katie Mellon, Wenwei Hu and Carlos M. C. de Noronha
Non-structural protein NS1 of influenza A viruses harbours several determinants of pathogenicity and host-range. However it is still unclear to what extent each of its two structured domains (i.e. RNA-binding ...
Authors: Sascha Trapp, Denis Soubieux, Alexandra Lidove, Evelyne Esnault, Adrien Lion, Vanaique Guillory, Alan Wacquiez, Emmanuel Kut, Pascale Quéré, Thibaut Larcher, Mireille Ledevin, Virginie Nadan, Christelle Camus-Bouclainville and Daniel Marc
Cardioviruses cause severe illnesses in rodents and humans. In recent years, novel cardioviruses have been frequently found, which promoted further studies of the genetic diversity of cardioviruses. Using vira...
Authors: Yan Wang, Jing Zhao, Min Zheng, Zhijian Liu, Wang Li, Xingli Fu, Yuan Lin, Jiaqi Yuan, Jieji Zhao, Quan Shen, Xiaochun Wang, Hua Wang and Shixing Yang
Clinical management of HPV positive women is difficult since many of the infections, including high-risk oncogene genotypes (hr-HPV), are transient. Therefore only a limited number of patients have a high-grad...
Authors: Maria Teresa Bruno, Martina Ferrara, Valentina Fava, Agnese Rapisarda and Angela Coco
The influenza A virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a multifunctional protein that plays an important role in virus replication, virulence and inhibition of the host antiviral immune response. In the avian...
Authors: Jinghua Cheng, Chunling Zhang, Jie Tao, Benqiang Li, Ying Shi and Huili Liu
Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of dengue virus (DENV) infection has been identified as the main risk factor for severe dengue disease, although the underlying mechanisms leading to severe dengue fever re...
Recent GWAS-associated studies reported that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ABCB1, TGFβ1, XRCC1 genes were associated with hepatitis A virus (HAV) infection, and variants of APOA4 and APOE genes wer...
DNA delivery with bacteriophage by surface-displayed mammalian cell penetrating peptides has been reported. Although, various phages have been used to facilitate DNA transfer by surface displaying the protein ...
Authors: Hai Xu, Xi Bao, Yiwei Wang, Yue Xu, Bihua Deng, Yu Lu and Jibo Hou
According to international guidelines, HPV DNA tests represent a valid alternative to Pap Test for primary cervical cancer screening, provided that they guarantee balanced clinical sensitivity and specificity ...
Authors: Michela Iacobellis, Cecilia Violante, Gabriella Notarachille, Angela Simone, Rosa Scarfì and Giuseppe Giuffrè
Suspension culture of BHK cells allows large-scale virus propagation and cost-efficient vaccine production, while the shift to animal-component-free cell culture media without serum is beneficial for the quali...
Authors: Veronika Dill, Bernd Hoffmann, Aline Zimmer, Martin Beer and Michael Eschbaumer
The infection in dogs due to canine parvovirus (CPV), is a highly contagious one with high mortality rate. The present study was undertaken for a detailed genetic analysis of partial VP2 gene i.e., 630 bp isol...
Authors: Nisar Ahmed, Adeel Riaz, Zahra Zubair, Muhammad Saqib, Sehrish Ijaz, Muhammad Shah Nawaz-Ul-Rehman, Ahmed Al-Qahtani and Muhammad Mubin
Rotavirus (RV) and enteric adenovirus (AdV) mainly cause infantile infectious gastroenteritis. Several separate test methods for the detection of RV or AdV are currently available, but few tests are able to si...
Authors: Na Jiang, Lei Shi, Jieping Lin, Lifang Zhang, Yanxia Peng, Huiying Sheng, Ping Wu and Qingjun Pan
Toll like receptor (TLR) 3 is a critically important innate pattern recognizing receptor that senses many viral infections. Although, it has been shown that double stranded (ds) RNA can be used for the stimula...
Authors: Hanaa Ahmed-Hassan, Mohamed Sarjoon Abdul-Cader, Upasama De Silva Senapathi, Maha Ahmed Sabry, Eman Hamza, Eva Nagy, Shayan Sharif and Mohamed Faizal Abdul-Careem
Reticuloendotheliosis is an immunosuppressive disease caused by avian reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV). It is commonly found in poultry farms and has caused a notable economic loss worldwide. Despite this, th...
