Antiretrovirals have been available in Ghana since 2003 for HIV-1 positive pregnant women for prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT). Suboptimal responses to treatment observed post-PMTCT intervent...
Authors: Alexander Martin-Odoom, Charles Addoquaye Brown, John Kofi Odoom, Evelyn Yayra Bonney, Nana Afia Asante Ntim, Elena Delgado, Margaret Lartey, Kwamena William Sagoe, Theophilus Adiku and William Kwabena Ampofo
Tembusu virus is a newly emerging flavivirus that caused egg-drop syndrome in ducks in China. TMUV envelope protein is a major structural protein locates at the surface of tembusu virus particle. During tembus...
Authors: Dongmin Zhao, Kaikai Han, Xinmei Huang, Lijiao Zhang, Huili Wang, Na Liu, Yujie Tian, Qingtao Liu, Jing Yang, Yuzhuo Liu and Yin Li
The non-translated regions at the genome ends of RNA viruses serve diverse functions and can exhibit various levels of nucleotide (nt) heterogeneity. However, the extent of nt heterogeneity at the extreme term...
Authors: Angel Y. S. Chen, Shizu Watanabe, Raymond Yokomi and James C. K. Ng
Duck Tembusu virus (DTMUV), a pathogenic flavivirus, emerged in China since 2010 and causing huge economic loss in the Chinese poultry industry. Although several vaccines have been reported to control DTMUV di...
Authors: Jingyu Tang, Zhuangli Bi, Mingyang Ding, Dongdong Yin, Jie Zhu, Li Zhang, Qiuhong Miao, Yingqi Zhu, Guijun Wang and Guangqing Liu
Currently, there is no consensus on the efficacy and safety of lamivudine (LAM) plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) combination therapy versus lamivudine monotherapy in HBV/HIV coinfected patients.
Tobacco curly shoot virus (TbCSV) is a monopartite begomovirus associated with betasatellite (Tobacco curly shoot betasatellite, TbCSB), which causes serious leaf curl disease on tomato and tobacco in China. It i...
Authors: Ke Li, Gentu Wu, Mingjun Li, Mingge Ma, Jiang Du, Miao Sun, Xianchao Sun and Ling Qing
Ad-HBV is a product (T101) aiming to treat chronic HBV firstly developed by Transgene S.A., France then by Transgene Tasly (Tianjin) Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China in China.
Authors: Xuefeng Zhang, Jing Wang, Jing Lu, Rongrong Li and Shuli Zhao
JC polyomavirus (JCV) is the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system in immunosuppressed patients. PML usually has a poor prog...
Currently, no FDA-approved vaccines or treatments are available for Ebola virus disease (EVD), and therapy remains largely supportive. Ebola virus (EBOV) has broad tissue tropism and can infect a variety of ce...
Authors: Manasi Tamhankar, Dawn M. Gerhardt, Richard S. Bennett, Nicole Murphy, Peter B. Jahrling and Jean L. Patterson
Geminiviruses cause major losses to several economically important crops. Pedilanthus leaf curl virus (PeLCV) is a pathogenic geminivirus that appeared in the last decade and is continuously increasing its host r...
Authors: Sara Shakir, Muhammad Shah Nawaz-ul-Rehman, Muhammad Mubin and Zulfiqar Ali
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is emerging as a pathogenic coronavirus that causes a huge economic burden to the swine industry. Interaction of the viral spike (S) surface glycoprotein with the host ce...
Authors: Lang Gong, Ying Lin, Jianru Qin, Qianniu Li, Chunyi Xue and Yongchang Cao
Viral infection activates innate immune pathways and interferons (IFNs) play a pivotal role in the outcome of a viral infection. Ubiquitin modifications of host and viral proteins significantly influence the p...
Authors: Tingting Feng, Lei Deng, Xiaochuan Lu, Wen Pan, Qihan Wu and Jianfeng Dai
Dengue is the most common mosquito-borne infection worldwide and a serious threat to global public health. Sporadic dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) imported cases from Myanmar have been documented almost ever...
Authors: Zhaoping Zeng, Jiandong Shi, Xiaofang Guo, Ling Mo, Ningzhu Hu, Jing Sun, Meini Wu, Hongning Zhou and Yunzhang Hu
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is a mosquito-transmitted alphavirus within the family Togaviridae, which has attracted global attention due to its recent re-emergence. In one of our previous studies, we successfully i...
Authors: Xiaomin Zhang, Yalan Huang, Miao Wang, Fan Yang, Chunli Wu, Dana Huang, Linghong Xiong, Chengsong Wan, Jinquan Cheng and Renli Zhang
Epidemiological studies have established human papillomavirus (HPV) infection as the central cause of invasive cervical cancer (ICC) and its precursor lesions. HIV is associated with a higher prevalence and pe...
Authors: Sonia Menon, Rodolfo Rossi, Mbabazi Kariisa and Steven Callens
Cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) has a viral aetiology and is caused by viruses belonging to the genus Ipomovirus (family Potyviridae), Cassava brown streak virus (CBSV) and Ugandan cassava brown streak virus ...
Authors: Esperance Munganyinka, Paolo Margaria, Samar Sheat, Elijah M. Ateka, Fred Tairo, Joseph Ndunguru and Stephan Winter
In recent years, the Ontario grape and wine industry has experienced outbreaks of viral diseases across the province. Little is known about the prevalence of viruses and viral diseases in Ontario. Since 2015, ...
Authors: Huogen Xiao, Mehdi Shabanian, Clayton Moore, Caihong Li and Baozhong Meng
Pear ring rot, caused by Botryosphaeria species, is responsible for substantial economic losses by causing severe recession of pear tree growth in China. Mycovirus-mediated hypovirulence in plant pathogenic fungi...
Authors: Lihua Wang, Hui Luo, Wangcheng Hu, Yuekun Yang, Ni Hong, Guoping Wang, Aiming Wang and Liping Wang
Bocaviruses have been reported to cause respiratory tract infection and gastroenteritis in most animal species. In cats, different genotype bocaviruses have been identified in USA, Japan, Hong Kong and Portuga...
Authors: Shushuai Yi, Jiangting Niu, Hualei Wang, Guoying Dong, Yanli Zhao, Hao Dong, Yanbing Guo, Kai Wang and Guixue Hu
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are primarily known for their innate immune defense against invading microorganisms, including viruses. In addition, recent research has suggested their modulatory activity in imm...
Authors: Ju Kim, Ye Lin Yang, Sun-Hee Jang and Yong-Suk Jang
Pneumonia is a serious public health issue and is concerned around the world. This study is to investigate the association between viral load in children with human adenovirus (HAdV) pneumonia and disease seve...
Lokern virus (LOKV) is a poorly characterized arthropod-borne virus belonging to the genus Orthobunyavirus (family Peribunyaviridae). All viruses in this genus have tripartite, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA...
Authors: Chandra S. Tangudu, Jermilia Charles and Bradley J. Blitvich
Burkina Faso is a high endemicity country for HBV infection. However, there are few data on vaccine coverage against HBV. The aim of this study was to contribute to the improvement of HBV vaccine coverage in O...
Authors: Birama Diarra, Albert Theophane Yonli, Abdoul Karim Ouattara, Theodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon, Lassina Traore, Christelle Nadembega, Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah, Justine Yara, Virginio Pietra, Paul Ouedraogo, Alain Bougouma, Rokia Sanogo and Jacques Simpore
The results of our previous study showed that impaired cellular energy metabolism contributes to duck enteritis virus-induced autophagy via the 5`-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/tubero...
Authors: Haichang Yin, Lili Zhao, Yiping Wang, Siqi Li, Hong Huo and Hongyan Chen
The alphaherpesvirus virion host shutoff (vhs) gene, UL41, can induce degradation of host mRNAs and shut off host protein synthesis. The roles of vhs in HSV-1 and HSV-2 have been studied extensively in previou...
Authors: Chao Ye, Jing Chen, Tao Wang, Jingjing Xu, Hao Zheng, Jiqiang Wu, Guoxin Li, Zhiqing Yu, Wu Tong, Xuefei Cheng, Shasha Zhou and Guangzhi Tong
Canine distemper (CD) is a highly contagious, systemic, viral disease of dogs seen worldwide. Despite intensive vaccination in developed countries, recent reports suggest both the re-emergence and increased ac...
Authors: Eman Anis, Teresa K. Newell, Neil Dyer and Rebecca P. Wilkes
Previous work indicated that an ultrashort pulse (USP) 425 nm laser is capable of inactivating murine norovirus (MNV: Virol. J. 11:20), perhaps via an impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) mechanism, an...
Authors: David Kingsley, Robinson Kuis, Rafael Perez, Isaac Basaldua, Paul Burkins, Aristides Marcano and Anthony Johnson
Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which is sometimes associated with severe central nervous system disease in children. There is currently no s...
Authors: Chenguang Yao, Caili Xi, Kanghong Hu, Wa Gao, Xiaofeng Cai, Jinlan Qin, Shiyun Lv, Canghao Du and Yanhong Wei
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) causes significant economic losses worldwide in the cattle industry through decrease in productive performance and immunosuppression of animals in herds. Recent studies condu...
Authors: Kyung-Hyun Lee, Du-Gyeong Han, Suhee Kim, Eun-Jin Choi and Kyoung-Seong Choi
Reovirus type-3 infections cause severe pathologies in young mice and thus influence animal experiments in many ways. Therefore, the Federation of Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA) recommends an ...
Authors: Felix Fingas, Daniela Volke, Petra Bielefeldt, Rayk Hassert and Ralf Hoffmann
Dengue virus (DENV) infection caused by international visitors has become a public health concern in China. Although sporadic imported cases of DENV have been documented in Yunnan, China since 2000, a complete...
Authors: Ling Mo, Jiandong Shi, Xiaofang Guo, Zhaoping Zeng, Ningzhu Hu, Jing Sun, Meini Wu, Hongning Zhou and Yunzhang Hu
Chikungunya (CHIKV) virus is an important mosquito-borne virus causing outbreaks of acute febrile illness with arthropathy. The detection of specific antibodies against CHIKV is used for diagnosis after the ac...
Authors: Marcílio Jorge Fumagalli, William Marciel de Souza, Danillo Lucas Alves Espósito, Angélica Silva, Marilia Farignoli Romeiro, Edson Zangiacomi Martinez, Benedito Antônio Lopes da Fonseca and Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
A new promising therapeutic approach has emerged for patients chronically infected by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) with the development of a non-replicative adenovirus vector vaccine candidate (Ad-HBV). The vac...
Authors: Xuefeng Zhang, Jing Wang, Jing Lu, Rongrong Li and Shuli Zhao
Echoviruses, a serotype of enteroviruses, infect millions of people globally and there is no specific drug treatment or vaccine available for its management. The screening of medicinal plants used locally for ...
Authors: Omonike O. Ogbole, Toluwanimi E. Akinleye, Peter A. Segun, Temitope C. Faleye and Adekunle J. Adeniji
Small hydrophobic (SH) gene is one of the mostly diverse genomic regions of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV). Its coding region constitutes less than 50% of the complete gene length, enabling SH gene t...
Authors: Jelena Ivancic-Jelecki, Anamarija Slovic, Sunčanica Ljubin-Sternak, Gordana Mlinarić Galinović and Dubravko Forcic
Serologic detection of Zika virus (ZIKV) infections is challenging because of antigenic similarities among flaviviruses.
Authors: Mariana Kikuti, Laura B. Tauro, Patrícia S. S. Moreira, Gúbio S. Campos, Igor A. D. Paploski, Scott C. Weaver, Mitermayer G. Reis, Uriel Kitron and Guilherme S. Ribeiro
A treatment of HCV infection depends on the genotype and sub-genotype. Therefore, accurate HCV genotyping is critical for selecting the appropriate treatment regimen.
Authors: Shrikant Dasharath Warkad, Satish Balasaheb Nimse, Keum-Soo Song, Wasun Chantratita, Viroj Pongthanapisith, Laxman Uddhav Nawale and Taisun Kim
Equid herpesviruses (EHVs) are widespread in equine populations worldwide. While the infection with equine α-herpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-4) has been linked to several clinical outcomes, the pathogenic potenti...
Authors: Karol Stasiak, Magdalena Dunowska and Jerzy Rola
Rice stripe virus (RSV) belongs to the genus Tenuivirus. It is transmitted by small brown planthoppers in a persistent and circulative-propagative manner and causes rice stripe disease (RSD). The NS3 protein of R...
Authors: Gentu Wu, Guixian Zheng, Qiao Hu, Mingge Ma, Mingjun Li, Xianchao Sun, Fei Yan and Ling Qing
Astroviruses (AstVs) are responsible for infection of a large diversity of mammalian and avian species, including bats, aquatic birds, livestock and humans. We investigated AstVs circulation in bats in Mozambi...
Authors: Flora Hoarau, Gildas Le Minter, Léa Joffrin, M. Corrie Schoeman, Erwan Lagadec, Beza Ramasindrazana, Andréa Dos Santos, Steven M. Goodman, Eduardo S. Gudo, Patrick Mavingui and Camille Lebarbenchon
Canine parvovirus (CPV) has been considered to be an important pathogen, which can cause acute infectious disease in canids. Although current vaccines are effective in preventing CPV infection, safety problems...
Authors: Liangliang Nan, Yunchao Liu, Pengchao Ji, Hua Feng, Chen Chen, Juan Wang, Dongmin Liu, Yinglei Cui, Yanwei Wang, Yafei Li, Enmin Zhou and Gaiping Zhang
Pig diarrhea causes high mortality and large economic losses in the swine industry. Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) causes pig diarrhea, with 100% mortality in piglets less than 2 weeks old. No inve...
Authors: Lu Xia, Yunhan Yang, Jialu Wang, Yuchao Jing and Qian Yang
Chinese woodchucks (M. himalayana) were recently found to be susceptible to woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) infection. In this study, we aimed to determine the susceptibility to WHV infection of M. himalayana fro...
Authors: Bin Zhu, Zhenni Zhu, Junzhong Wang, Shunmei Huang, Fanghui Li, Lu Wang, Yanan Liu, Qi Yan, Shunchang Zhou, Mengji Lu, Dongliang Yang and Baoju Wang
Avian keratin disorder (AKD) is an epizootic of debilitating beak deformities, first documented in black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) in Alaska during the late 1990s. Similar deformities have now been...
Authors: Maxine Zylberberg, Caroline Van Hemert, Colleen M. Handel and Joseph L. DeRisi
Machupo virus (MACV) is a member of the Mammarenavirus genus, Arenaviridae family and is the etiologic agent of Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, which causes small outbreaks or sporadic cases. Several other arenavirus...
Authors: Amélie D. Zaza, Cécile H. Herbreteau and Christophe N. Peyrefitte
In September 2009, a mumps outbreak originated in New York and spread to Northeastern USA and Canada. This study compares the performance of different diagnostic testing methods used in Ontario and describes m...
Authors: Arnaud G. L’Huillier, Alireza Eshaghi, C. Sarai Racey, Katherene Ogbulafor, Ernesto Lombos, Rachel R. Higgins, David C. Alexander, Erik Kristjanson, Jocelyn Maregmen, Jonathan B. Gubbay and Tony Mazzulli
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging infectious disease caused by SFTS bunyavirus (SFTSV), a tick borne bunyavirus. However, Immunohistochemistry of SFTS patients are not well stud...
Authors: Shibo Li, Yang Li, Qiujing Wang, Xuewen Yu, Miaomiao Liu, Haibo Xie, Liyong Qian, Ling Ye, Zhejuan Yang, Jianjing Zhang, Huimin Zhu and Wenhong Zhang
Torque teno virus is a small chronically persisting circular negative ssDNA virus reaching near 100% prevalence. It is reported to be a marker for immune function in immunocompromised patients. The possibility...
Authors: Elena A. Tyschik, Anastasiya S. Rasskazova, Anna V. Degtyareva, Denis V. Rebrikov and Gennady T. Sukhikh
Emergence and re-emergence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) in North America, Asia and Europe has caused severe economic loss to the global swine industry. However, the virome of PEDV infected pigs an...
Authors: Qi Chen, Leyi Wang, Ying Zheng, Jianqiang Zhang, Baoqing Guo, Kyoung-Jin Yoon, Phillip C. Gauger, Karen M. Harmon, Rodger G. Main and Ganwu Li
Currently, the role of human papillomavirus (HPV)-58 in southwestern China has been unexplored. Although there is some controversy, it is proposed that the viral load of HPV correlates with the severity of int...
Authors: Wenbo Long, Zixi Yang, Xiabin Li, Ming Chen, Jie Liu, Yuanxue Zhang and Xingwang Sun
