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  1. Clinical and laboratory studies have indicated that coinfection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) can suppress one another, eliciting a dominant disease phenotype. To assess whether HBV ...

    Authors: Jun-Ying Liu, Yun-Jian Sheng, Huai-Dong Hu, Qing Zhong, Jing Wang, Shi-Wen Tong, Zhi Zhou, Da-Zhi Zhang, Peng Hu and Hong Ren
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:186
    Content type: Review Published on:

  2. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection poses a serious public health problem in many parts of the world. Presently, even with proper joint immunoprophylaxis, approximately 10-15% of newborns from HBV carrie...

    Authors: Min Deng, Xin Zhou, Sheng Gao, Shi-Gui Yang, Bing Wang, Hua-Zhong Chen and Bing Ruan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:185
    Content type: Review Published on:

  3. In Virology Journal 2011, 8:535, Neto et al. described point mutations into Tax-responsive elements (TRE) of the LTR region of HTLV-1 isolates from asymptomatic carriers from Sao Paulo, Brazil, and hypothesized t...

    Authors: Mariana Cavalheiro Magri, Emanuela Avelar Silva Costa and Adele Caterino-de-Araujo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:184
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  4. A novel human enterovirus (HEV) type within the species HEV-C, named EV109, was discovered from cases of respiratory illness in Nicaragua in September 2010. The aim of this study, was to retrospectively examin...

    Authors: Maurizia Debiaggi, Elisa Rita Ceresola, Michela Sampaolo, Emilio Paolo Alessandrino, Roberto Brerra, Aurora Piazza, Massimo Clementi and Filippo Canducci
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:183
    Content type: Research Published on:

  6. Our previous report that the Norwalk virus nonstructural protein p22 is an antagonist of the cellular secretory pathway suggests a new aspect of norovirus/host interaction. To explore conservation of function ...

    Authors: Tyler M Sharp, Sue E Crawford, Nadim J Ajami, Frederick H Neill, Robert L Atmar, Kazuhiko Katayama, Budi Utama and Mary K Estes
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:181
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  7. HIV-1 p24 antigen is a major viral component of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) which can be used to identify persons in the early stage of infection and transmission of HIV-1 from infected mothers...

    Authors: Huahuang Dong, Jianli Liu, Hong Zhu, Chin-Yih Ou, Wenge Xing, Maofeng Qiu, Guiyun Zhang, Yao Xiao, Jun Yao, Pinliang Pan and Yan Jiang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:180
    Content type: Methodology Published on:

  10. Sub-Saharan Africa is the world’s worst HIV-AIDS affected region. More interventions to manage this pandemic are urgently required. Transmission of the virus through an exchange of saliva is rarely known to oc...

    Authors: Julia Peacocke, Zoe Lotz, Corena de Beer, Paul Roux and Anwar S Mall
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:177
    Content type: Research Published on:

  11. Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) is a highly contagious viral disease of swine, characterized by severe vomiting, diarrhea, and high mortality. Currently, the vaccines for it are only partially effective an...

    Authors: Lei He, Yan-ming Zhang, Ling-juan Dong, Min Cheng, Jing Wang, Qing-hai Tang and Gang Wang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:176
    Content type: Research Published on:

  12. Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) can evade the immune response and establish chronic infection under natural and experimental conditions. Some genes related to antigen processing and presentation and to cyto...

    Authors: Li Feng, Xiao-Quan Li, Xiao-ning Li, Jun Li, Xian-Ming Meng, Hong-Yun Zhang, Jing-Jing Liang, Hui Li, Shi-Kai Sun, Xin-Bin Cai, Li-Juan Su, Shan Yin, Yan-Sheng Li and Ting Rong Luo
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:175
    Content type: Research Published on:

  13. Recent observational studies suggest a role for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a marker of immune activation in HIV-infected patients, with potential repercussions on the effectiveness of antiretroviral regimens.

    Authors: Matteo Vassallo, Patrick Mercié, Jacqueline Cottalorda, Michel Ticchioni and Pierre Dellamonica
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:174
    Content type: Review Published on:

  15. The incidence of PHE among pigs in many countries is on the rise, and it has caused great economic losses to the pig industry. Therefore, the development of a sensitive, specific, and easily-performed assay is...

    Authors: Keyan Chen, Kui Zhao, Deguang Song, Wenqi He, Wei Gao, Chuanbo Zhao, Chengli Wang and Feng Gao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:172
    Content type: Research Published on:

  16. IFN-α contributes extensively to host immune response upon viral infection through antiviral, pro-apoptotic, antiproliferative and immunomodulatory activities. Although extensively documented in various types ...

    Authors: Britta Moens, Christophe Pannecouque, Giovanni López, Michael Talledo, Eduardo Gotuzzo, Ricardo Khouri, Achiléa Bittencourt, Lourdes Farré, Bernardo Galvão-Castro, Anne-Mieke Vandamme and Johan Van Weyenbergh
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:171
    Content type: Research Published on:

  17. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be an escalating global health problem. Feasible and effective animal models for HBV infection are the prerequisite for developing novel therapies for this diseas...

    Authors: Qi Wang, Paul Schwarzenberger, Fang Yang, Jingjing Zhang, Jianjia Su, Chun Yang, Ji Cao, Chao Ou, Liang Liang, Junlin Shi, Fang Yang, Duoping Wang, Jia Wang, Xiaojuan Wang, Ping Ruan and Yuan Li
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:170
    Content type: Research Published on:

  19. HearMNPV, a nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV), which infects the cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera, comprises multiple rod-shaped nucleocapsids in virion(as detected by electron microscopy). HearMNPV shows a differe...

    Authors: Ping Tang, Huan Zhang, Yinü Li, Bin Han, Guozeng Wang, Qilian Qin and Zhifang Zhang
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:168
    Content type: Research Published on:

  20. Influenza A virus non-structural protein 1 (NS1) is a virulence factor, which is targeted into the cell cytoplasm, nucleus and nucleolus. NS1 is a multi-functional protein that inhibits host cell pre-mRNA proc...

    Authors: Krister Melén, Janne Tynell, Riku Fagerlund, Pascal Roussel, Danièle Hernandez-Verdun and Ilkka Julkunen
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:167
    Content type: Research Published on:

  21. An extensive comparative analysis of orbivirus genomes revealed four cases of unclear numeration and protein designation, due to confused reference to protein size or segment size by which they are encoded. A ...

    Authors: Meik Dilcher and Manfred Weidmann
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:166
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  22. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) causes reproductive failure and respiratory illness in pigs and usually establishes a persistent infection. Previous studies suggested that interleuk...

    Authors: Jun Hou, Lianghai Wang, Rong Quan, Yi Fu, Hexiao Zhang and Wen-hai Feng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:165
    Content type: Research Published on:

  23. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the aetiological agent for cervical cancer and genital warts. Concurrent HPV and HIV infection in the South African population is high. HIV positive (+) women are often infected w...

    Authors: Tracy L Meiring, Anna T Salimo, Beatrix Coetzee, Hans J Maree, Jennifer Moodley, Inga I Hitzeroth, Michael-John Freeborough, Ed P Rybicki and Anna-Lise Williamson
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:164
    Content type: Research Published on:

  24. Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) has been shown to be responsible for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) caused by Hepatitis B virus infection. However, its potential effect on the progression ...

    Authors: Renxian Tang, Fanyun Kong, Lina Hu, Hongjuan You, Peng Zhang, Weidong Du and Kuiyang Zheng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:163
    Content type: Research Published on:

    The Correction to this article has been published in Virology Journal 2020 17:134

  25. In spite of a high occurrence of Hepatitis Delta in the province of Sindh in Pakistan, no genetic study of Hepatitis Delta virus (HDV) isolates from this region was carried out. The aim of this study is to ana...

    Authors: Shadab Perveen, Muhammad Israr Nasir, Syed M Shahid, Abid Azhar and Obaid Yusuf Khan
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:162
    Content type: Research Published on:

  27. An effective AIDS vaccine remains one of the highest priorities in HIV-research. Our recent study showed that vaccination of rhesus macaques with recombinant simian varicella virus (rSVV) vector – simian immun...

    Authors: Bapi Pahar, Wayne L Gray, Kimberly Phelps, Elizabeth S Didier, Eileen deHaro, Preston A Marx and Vicki L Traina-Dorge
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:160
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  28. Rabies virus (RABV) causes a fatal infection of the central nervous systems (CNS) of warm-blooded animals. Once the clinical symptoms develop, rabies is almost invariably fatal. The mechanism of RABV pathogene...

    Authors: Pingsen Zhao, Lili Zhao, Kun Zhang, Hao Feng, Hualei Wang, Tiecheng Wang, Tao Xu, Na Feng, Chengyu Wang, Yuwei Gao, Geng Huang, Chuan Qin, Songtao Yang and Xianzhu Xia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:159
    Content type: Research Published on:

  30. There are only limited data on whether HIV infection occurs within the liver; therefore, we explored early and late stages of the HIV life cycle in two hepatocyte cell lines – Huh7.5 and Huh7.5JFH1 – as well as i...

    Authors: Ling Kong, Walter Cardona Maya, Maria E Moreno-Fernandez, Gang Ma, Mohamed T Shata, Kenneth E Sherman, Claire Chougnet and Jason T Blackard
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:157
    Content type: Research Published on:

  31. The city of Sao Paulo has the highest AIDS case rate, with nearly 60% in Brazil. Despite, several studies involving molecular epidemiology, lack of data regarding a large cohort study has not been published fr...

    Authors: Rosana Alcalde, Monick L Guimarães, Alberto JS Duarte and Jorge Casseb
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:156
    Content type: Research Published on:

  32. Enterovirus 71 (EV71) causes severe neurological diseases resulting in high mortality in young children worldwide. Development of an effective vaccine against EV71 infection is hampered by the lack of appropri...

    Authors: Wei-Choong Ch’ng, Eric J Stanbridge, Kum-Thong Wong, Kien-Chai Ong, Khatijah Yusoff and Norazizah Shafee
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:155
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  33. Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) was identified originally in Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), a rare form of human skin neuroendocrine carcinoma. Evidence of MCPyV existence in other forms of malignancy such as c...

    Authors: Masayuki Imajoh, Yumiko Hashida, Yuiko Nemoto, Hiroyoshi Oguri, Nagamasa Maeda, Mutsuo Furihata, Takao Fukaya and Masanori Daibata
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:154
    Content type: Research Published on:

  34. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection causes cervical cancer and premalignant lesions of the cervix. Prevalence of HPV infection and HPV genotypes vary among different regions. However there is no data on the p...

    Authors: Sun Lu-lu, Jin Qiong, Li Hui, Zhou Xian-rong, Song Zhi-qin, Cheng Xue-mei, Tao Tao, Liang Bing, Xu Lin, Wang Yu-rong, Zhen Yan, He Ji-wen and Shen Keng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:153
    Content type: Research Published on:

  35. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associated with post-weaning multi-systemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in young weaned pigs. Immune stimulation was found to activate the replication of PCV2 and exacerbate the...

    Authors: Jinyan Gu, Yu Zhang, Xue Lian, Hailiang Sun, Jingman Wang, Weiting Liu, Gang Meng, Peng Li, Dan Zhu, Yuexin Jin and Ruibing Cao
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:152
    Content type: Research Published on:

  36. More than 70 outbreaks of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 have been reported in poultry in the western and north-eastern parts of India. Therefore, in view of the recent HPAI H5N1 outbreaks i...

    Authors: Shailesh D Pawar, Sandeep D Kale, Amol S Rawankar, Santosh S Koratkar, Chandrashekhar G Raut, Satish A Pande, Jayati Mullick and Akhilesh C Mishra
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:151
    Content type: Research Published on:

  37. Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strains circulating in livestock herds show significant sequence variation. Conventional wisdom states that most sequence variation arises during acute infections in response...

    Authors: John D Neill, Benjamin W Newcomer, Shonda D Marley, Julia F Ridpath and M Daniel Givens
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:150
    Content type: Research Published on:

  38. The Non-Structural (NS1) protein of Influenza A viruses is an extensively studied multifunctional protein which is commonly considered as key viral component to fight against host immune responses. Even though...

    Authors: Sanjay Mukherjee, Shamik Majumdar, Veena C Vipat, Akhilesh C Mishra and Alok K Chakrabarti
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:149
    Content type: Research Published on:

  40. Development of compensatory mutations within the HIV p7/p1 and p1/p6 protease cleavage site region has been observed in HIV-infected patients treated with protease inhibitors. Mechanisms of fitness compensatio...

    Authors: James C Sullivan, Eileen Z Zhang, Doug J Bartels, Ann Tigges, Jennifer L Dorrian, Ann D Kwong and Tara L Kieffer
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:147
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  41. Avian H5N1 influenza viruses present a challenge in the laboratory environment, as they are difficult to collect from the air due to their small size and relatively low concentration. In an effort to generate ...

    Authors: Zhiping Li, Jinsong Li, Yandong Zhang, Lin Li, Limin Ma, Dan Li, Feng Gao and Zhiping Xia
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:146
    Content type: Research Published on:

  42. The mechanisms through which the avian influenza virus H5N1 modulate the host’s innate immune defense during invasion, remains incompletely understood. RIG-I as a pattern recognition receptor plays an importan...

    Authors: Zhiqiang Mi, Yonghong Ma and Yigang Tong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:145
    Content type: Research Published on:

  43. Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR is now the standard method for typing group A rotaviruses (RVA) to monitor the circulating genotypes in a population. Selection of primers that can accurately type the circulatin...

    Authors: Marcelo Takahiro Mitui, TGA Nilmini Chandrasena, Paul KS Chan, Shaman Rajindrajith, E Anthony S Nelson, Ting Fan Leung, Akira Nishizono and Kamruddin Ahmed
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:144
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  44. Hepatic steatosis is recognized as a major risk factor for liver disease progression and impaired response to interferon based therapy in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients. The mechanism of response to interf...

    Authors: Feyza Gunduz, Fatma M Aboulnasr, Partha K Chandra, Sidhartha Hazari, Bret Poat, Darren P Baker, Luis A Balart and Srikanta Dash
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:143
    Content type: Research Published on:

  45. Respiratory viral infections can trigger asthma attack which may lead to sever morbidity. In this report, using molecular methods, we show the chronological association between human coronavirus - HKU1 infecti...

    Authors: Razieh Amini, Fatemeh Jahanshiri, Yasaman Amini, Zamberi Sekawi and Farid Azizi Jalilian
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:142
    Content type: Case Report Published on:

  46. The regions in the middle of nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been shown to be nonessential for PRRSV replication, and these nonessential regio...

    Authors: Yan-Zhao Xu, Yan-Jun Zhou, Shan-Rui Zhang, Wu Tong, Ling Li, Yi-Feng Jiang and Guang-Zhi Tong
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:141
    Content type: Short report Published on:

  47. Occurrence of extrachromosomal dsRNA elements has been described in the red-yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous, with numbers and sizes that are highly variable among strains with different geographical origin. T...

    Authors: Marcelo Baeza, Natalia Bravo, Mario Sanhueza, Oriana Flores, Pablo Villarreal and Victor Cifuentes
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:140
    Content type: Research Published on:

  49. Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is a major cause of acute respiratory infections ranging from wheezing to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in children worldwide. The objective of this study is to develop a visual reve...

    Authors: Xiang Wang, Qian Zhang, Fang Zhang, Fenlian Ma, Wenzhi Zheng, Zhihui Zhao, Yinglong Bai and Lishu Zheng
    Citation: Virology Journal 2012 9:138
    Content type: Research Published on:
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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X