Suhrbier A. Rheumatic manifestations of chikungunya: emerging concepts and interventions. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2019;15:597–611.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Rougeron V, Sam IC, Caron M, Nkoghe D, Leroy E, Roques P. Chikungunya a paradigm of neglected tropical disease that emerged to be a new health global risk. J Clin Virol. 2015;64:144–52.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Suhrbier A, La Linn M. Clinical and pathologic aspects of arthritis due to Ross River virus and other alphaviruses. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2004;16:374–9.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Parashar D, Cherian S. Antiviral perspectives for chikungunya virus. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:631642.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Amaral JK, Taylor PC, Teixeira MM, Morrison TE, Schoen RT. The clinical features, pathogenesis and methotrexate therapy of chronic chikungunya arthritis. Viruses. 2019;11:289.
Article
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Schnierle BS. Cellular attachment and entry factors for chikungunya virus. Viruses. 2019;11:1078.
Article
CAS
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Li C, Guillén J, Rabah N, Blanjoie A, Debart F, Vasseur JJ, et al. mRNA capping by Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP1: functional characterization and implications for antiviral research. J Virol. 2015;89:8292–303.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rausalu K, Utt A, Quirin T, Varghese FS, Žusinaite E, Das PK, et al. Chikungunya virus infectivity, RNA replication and non-structural polyprotein processing depend on the nsP2 protease’s active site cysteine residue. Sci Rep. 2016;6:37124.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Karpe YA, Aher PP, Lole KS. NTPase and 5′-RNA triphosphatase activities of chikungunya virus nsP2 protein. PLoS ONE. 2011;6:e22336.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Malet H, Coutard B, Jamal S, Dutartre H, Papageorgiou N, Neuvonen M, et al. The crystal structures of chikungunya and venezuelan equine encephalitis virus nsP3 macro domains define a conserved adenosine binding pocket. J Virol. 2009;83:6534–45.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chen MW, Tan YB, Zheng J, Zhao Y, Lim BT, Cornvik T, et al. Chikungunya virus nsP4 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase core domain displays detergent-sensitive primer extension and terminal adenylyltransferase activities. Antivir Res. 2017;143:38–47.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Burt FJ, Chen W, Miner JJ, Lenschow DJ, Merits A, Schnettler E, et al. Chikungunya virus: an update on the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis. 2017;17:e107–17.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Johari J, Kianmehr A, Mustafa MR, Abubakar S, Zandi K. Antiviral activity of baicalein and quercetin against the Japanese encephalitis virus. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:16785–95.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kaur P, Chu JJH. Chikungunya virus: an update on antiviral development and challenges. Drug Discov Today. 2013;18:969–83.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Kaul TN, Middleton E Jr, Ogra PL. Antiviral effect of flavonoids on human viruses. J Med Virol. 1985;15:71–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Naithani R, Huma LC, Holland LE, Shukla D, McCormick DL, Mehta RG, et al. Antiviral activity of phytochemicals: a comprehensive review. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2008;8:1106–33.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lani R, Hassandarvish P, Chiam CW, Moghaddam E, Chu JJH, Rausalu K, et al. Antiviral activity of silymarin against chikungunya virus. Sci Rep. 2015;5:11421.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lani R, Hassandarvish P, Shu M-H, Phoon WH, Chu JJH, Higgs S, et al. Antiviral activity of selected flavonoids against chikungunya virus. Antivir Res. 2016;133:50–61.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Mounce BC, Cesaro T, Carrau L, Vallet T, Vignuzzi M. Curcumin inhibits Zika and chikungunya virus infection by inhibiting cell binding. Antivir Res. 2017;142:148–57.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ibrahim MY, Hashim NM, Mariod AA, Mohan S, Abdulla MA, Abdelwahab SI, et al. α -mangostin from Garcinia mangostana Linn: an updated review of its pharmacological properties. Arab J Chem. 2016;9:317–29.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Obolskiy D, Pischel I, Siriwatanametanon N, Heinrich M. Garcinia mangostana L.: a phytochemical and pharmacological review. Phytother Res. 2009;8:1047–65.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Choi M, Kim YM, Lee S, Chin YW, Lee C. Mangosteen xanthones suppress hepatitis C virus genome replication. Virus Genes. 2014;49:208–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cui J, Hu W, Cai Z, Liu Y, Li S, Tao W, et al. New medicinal properties of mangostins: analgesic activity and pharmacological characterization of active ingredients from the fruit hull of Garcinia mangostana L. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2010;95:166–72.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Chen SX, Wan M, Loh BN. Active constituents against HIV-1 protease from Garcinia mangostana. Planta Med. 1996;62:381–2.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Gao M, Nettles RE, Belema M, Snyder LB, Nguyen VN, Fridell RA, et al. Chemical genetics strategy identifies an HCV NS5A inhibitor with a potent clinical effect. Nature. 2010;465:96–100.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Tarasuk M, Songprakhon P, Chimma P, Sratongno P, Na-Bangchang K, Yenchitsomanus PT. Alpha-mangostin inhibits both dengue virus production and cytokine/chemokine expression. Virus Res. 2017;240:180–9.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Regulations and Guidelines on Biosafety of Recombinant DNA Research & Biocontainment; Department of Biotechnology Ministry of Science and Technology Government of India. 2017; Circular no. BT/BS/17/635/2015-PID.
Parashar D, Paingankar MS, Kumar S, Gokhale MD, Sudeep A, Shinde SB, et al. Administration of E2 and NS1 siRNAs inhibits chikungunya virus replication in vitro and protects mice infected with the virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2013;7:e2405.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Chavan RD, Shinde P, Girkar K, Madage R, Chowdhary A. Assessment of anti-influenza activity and hemagglutination inhibition of Plumbago indica and Allium sativum extracts. Pharmacogn Res. 2016;8:105–11.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar
Alagarasu K, Patil P, Shil P, Seervi M, Kakade M, Tillu H, et al. In-vitro effect of human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide LL-37 on dengue virus type 2. Peptides. 2017;92:23–30.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Damle RG, Jayaram N, Kulkarni SM, Nigade K, Khutwad K, Gosavi S, Parashar D. Diagnostic potential of monoclonal antibodies against the capsid protein of chikungunya virus for detection of recent infection. Arch Virol. 2016;161:1611–22.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Cecilia D, Kakade M, Alagarasu K, Patil J, Salunke A, Parashar D, Shah PS. Development of a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay for simultaneous detection of dengue and chikungunya viruses. Arch Virol. 2015;160:323–7.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hamel A, Proudlock R. Chapter-3, formulation of test articles, genetic toxicology testing a laboratory manual 2016, pp 51–77.
Trott O, Olson AJ. AutoDock Vina: improving the speed and accuracy of docking with a new scoring function, efficient optimization, and multithreading. J Comput Chem. 2010;31:455–61.
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Chahar HS, Bharaj P, Dar L, Guleria R, Kabra SK, Broor S. Co-infections with chikungunya virus and dengue virus in Delhi, India. Emerg Infect Dis. 2009;15:1077.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rose JB, Zhou X, Griffin DW, Paul JH. Comparison of PCR and plaque assay for detection and enumeration of coliphage in polluted marine waters. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1997;63:4564–6.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Lentscher AJ, McCarthy MK, May NA, Davenport BJ, Montgomery SA, Raghunathan K, et al. Chikungunya virus replication in skeletal muscle cells is required for disease development. J Clin Invest. 2020;130:1466–78.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Morrison TE, Oko L, Montgomery SA, Whitmore AC, Lotstein AR, Gunn BM, et al. A mouse model of chikungunya virus-induced musculoskeletal inflammatory disease: evidence of arthritis, tenosynovitis, myositis, and persistence. Am J Pathol. 2011;178:32–40.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Sun Z, Pei J, Luo Q, Zeng X, Li Q, Yang Z, Quan J. Identification of α-Mangostin as an agonist of human STING. ChemMedChem. 2018;13:2057–64.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Shih YW, Chien ST, Chen PS, Lee JH, Wu SH, Yin LT. α-Mangostin suppresses phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-Induced MMP-2/MMP-9 expressions via αvβ3 Integrin/FAK/ERK and NF-κB signaling pathway in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Cell Biochem Biophys. 2010;58:31–44.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Li L, Jose J, Xiang Y, Kuhn RJ, Rossmann MG. Structural changes of envelope proteins during alphavirus fusion. Nature. 2010;468:705–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Rashad AA, Keller PA. Structure based design towards the identification of novel binding sites and inhibitors for the chikungunya virus envelope proteins. J Mol Graph Model. 2013;44:241–52.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Nguyen PT, Yu H, Keller PA. Molecular docking studies to explore potential binding pockets and inhibitors for chikungunya virus envelope glycoproteins. Interdiscip Sci. 2018;10:515–24.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Ho YJ, Wang YM, Lu Jw WuTY, Lin LI, Kuo SC, et al. Suramin inhibits chikungunya virus entry and transmission. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(7):e0133511.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
CAS
Google Scholar
Nguyen PTV, Yu H, Keller PA. Identification of chikungunya virus nsP2 protease inhibitors using structure-base approaches. J Mol Graph Model. 2015;57:1–8.
Article
CAS
PubMed
Google Scholar
Kumar SP, Kapopara RG, Patni MI, Pandya HA, Jasrai YT, Patel SK. Exploring the polymerase activity of chikungunya viral non structural protein 4 (nsP4) using molecular modeling, epharmacophore and docking studies. Int J Pharm Life Sci. 2012;3:1752–65.
Google Scholar
Kumar S, Kumar A, Mamidi P, Tiwari A, Kumar S, Mayavannan A, et al. Chikungunya virus nsP1 interacts directly with nsP2 and modulates its ATPase activity. Sci Rep. 2018;8:1–14.
Article
CAS
Google Scholar