A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of characterization of canine parvoviruses 2 prevalent in mainland China

Table 2 Infection of CPV-2 in dogs in mainland China

	No. studies	No. positive	No. test	% (95% CI)	Chi²	P	I² (%)
Region
Northeast China	6	6094	8725	63% (52–74)	465.1	0	99
North China	9	1033	3230	43% (25–61)	1027.7	0	99
Northwest China	5	8132	26,786	29% (19–39)	1256.3	0	100
East China	8	3040	19,155	18% (13–23)	641.6	0	99
Central China	5	3357	29,768	38% (24–51)	2521.2	0	100
Southwest China	4	2256	4298	48% (10–86)	2423.1	0	100
Age
Under 6 months of age	25	14,659	30,657	68% (52–85)	33,254.4	0	100
6 months of age or above	25	5372	28,386	20% (13–26)	6666.9	0	100
Immunization status
Yes	24	5123	20,346	20% (15–26)	3172.5	0	99
No	24	14,434	20,679	68% (62–75)	3152.9	0	99
Gender
Male	13	5235	20,647	45% (30–61)	6961.5	0	100
Female	13	4194	18,323	38% (25–50)	4175.6	0	100
Breed
Purebred	15	9899	16,954	66% (50–82)	10,310.2	0	100
Mutt	15	4262	14,186	24% (16–33)	2682.9	0	99
Published time
Before 2016	25	22,915	104,615	35% (27–43)	24,380.0	0	100
2016 or later	14	4549	32,867	40% (30–49)	3432.4	0	100
Season
Spring	20	4684	20,887	34% (27–41)	3357.8	0	99
Summer	18	2522	19,769	15% (11–18)	1151.1	0	98
August	18	3382	18,894	23% (18–28)	1642.8	0	99
Winter	18	3839	18,667	24% (18–30)	2413.3	0	99
Diagnostic methods
Antigen Rapid CPV Ag Test kit	25	21,344	63,939	43% (34–52)	18,492.7	0	100
PCR	9	2119	23,116	39% (21–53)	1772.5	0	100
Unknown	5	4001	50,789	15% (10–20)	257.3	0	98

The corresponding data related to the prevalence of CPV-2 infection in dogs were analyzed, including administrative region, age, immunization status, gender, breed, sampling season and diagnostic methods. Among these risk factors, the occurrence of CPV-2 infection was significantly associated with age, breed, sampling season and immunization status, but not with gender and diagnostic methods in dogs. Northeast China: Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning; Northern China: Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin; Northwest China: Xinjiang, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi; Eastern China: Shandong, Anhui, Jiangxi, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai, Fujian; Southern China: Guangxi, Guangdong, Shenzhen, Hainan, Macao, Hong Kong; Central China: Henan, Hunan, Hubei; Southwest China: Tibet, Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, Chongqing. CI, confidence interval; Chi², chi-square; P, P value

ISSN: 1743-422X