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Table 3 Predicted value information of different variable parameters for 28-day mortality in COVID-19 patients

From: Presepsin as a prognostic biomarker in COVID-19 patients: combining clinical scoring systems and laboratory inflammatory markers for outcome prediction

Variables

Cut off value

Sensitivity

(95% CI)

Specificity

(95% CI)

PPV

(95% CI)

NPV

(95% CI)

Accuracy

(95% CI)

Youden index

Presepsin, pg/mL

562

0.78

(0.56–0.93)

0.83

(0.77–0.89)

0.39

(0.25–0.55)

0.97

(0.92–0.99)

0.83

(0.76–0.88)

0.61

qSOFA

1.5

0.74

(0.52–0.90)

0.90

(0.85–0.94)

0.52

(0.34–0.69)

0.96

(0.6\92-0.99)

0.88

(0.83–0.92)

0.64

NEWS2

7.5

0.74

(0.52–0.90)

0.85

(0.79–0.90)

0.40

(0.26–0.57)

0.96

(0.91–0.98)

0.84

(0.77–0.88)

0.59

PSI

111

0.87

(0.66–0.97)

0.83

(0.76–0.88)

0.41

(0.30–0.56)

0.98

(0.94-1.00)

0.83

(0.77–0.88)

0.70

COVID-GRAM

146

0.87

(0.66–0.97)

0.77

(0.70–0.83)

0.34

(0.22–0.48)

0.98

(0.94-1.00)

0.78

(0.72–0.84)

0.64

CURB-65

1.5

0.91

(0.72–0.99)

0.77

(0.70–0.83)

0.36

(0.24–0.49)

0.98

(0.95-1.00)

0.79

(0.72–0.84)

0.69

PCT, ng/mL

0.105

0.78

(0.56–0.93)

0.68

(0.60–0.75)

0.25

(0.16–0.37)

0.96

(0.90–0.99)

0.69

(0.62–0.75)

0.46

CRP, mg/L

32.395

0.78

(0.56–0.93)

0.68

(0.60–0.75)

0.25

(0.16–0.37)

0.96

(0.90–0.99)

0.69

(0.62–0.76)

0.46

NLR

5.306

0.65

(0.43–0.84)

0.72

(0.64–0.79)

0.24

(0.14–0.37)

0.94

(0.88–0.97)

0.71

(0.64–0.77)

0.37

CAR

0.859

0.87

(0.66–0.97)

0.67

(0.59–0.74)

0.27

(0.17–0.39)

0.97

(0.92–0.99)

0.69

(0.62–0.76)

0.54

LCR

0.0220

0.83

(0.61–0.95)

0.74

(0.67–0.80)

0.31

(0.20–0.44)

0.97

(0.92–0.99)

0.75

(0.68–0.81)

0.57

  1. Abbreviations CI, Confidence Interval; PPV, Positive predictive value; NPV, Negative predictive value; qSOFA, quick sequential organ failure assessment; NEWS2, National Early Warning Score 2; PSI, Pneumonia Severity Index; PCT, Procalcitonin; CRP, C-reactive protein; NLR, Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; CAR, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio; LCR, Lymphocyte-to-C-reactive protein ratio. Youden index = Sensitivity + Specificity – 1