Fig. 4

Different strategies for isolating and purifying extracellular material are shown schematically [80]. Both conventional and novel EXO purification techniques. Two of the most used methods for EXO split are size-exclusion chromatography and differential ultracentrifugation. Immunoaffinity absorption uses antibodies that target proteins on the surface of exosomes to separate specific vesicles. The microfluidics (MF) technique uses chips with specialized antibody-interceded connections to capture EXOs effectively. To create a filtrate rich in vesicles with the correct dimensions using ultrafiltration, a filter with a particular pore size is needed [81, 82]