Table 4 Meta-analysis of odds ratios for signs, symptoms, and conditions in non-hospitalized adults with COVID-19 compared to negative controls, with co-morbidity-matched subgroup analysis
Sign/symptom/condition | Overall | Matched comorbidity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies No | Pooled odds ratio (95% CI) | I2% | Studies No | Pooled odds ratio (95% CI) | I2% | |
Abdominal pain | 5 | 0.83 (0.69–0.99) | 83 | 3 | 0.94 (0.85–1.04) | 62.9 |
Nausea or vomiting | 6 | 0.95 (0.84–1.07) | 1.08 | 4 | 0.91 (0.82–1.00) | 0 |
Sore throat | 6 | 0.79 (0.57–1.09) | 91.8 | 4 | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0 |
Diarrhea | 3 | 1.04 (0.43–2.51) | 70.1 | – | – | – |
Fatigue | 6 | 1.68 (1.36–2.07) | 76 | 4 | 1.94 (1.69–2.23) | 0 |
Headache | 6 | 0.91 (0.76–1.09) | 90.2 | 4 | 1.00 (0.86–1.16) | 78.3 |
Fever | 3 | 0.99 (0.63–1.58) | 72.8 | – | – | – |
Dizziness | 3 | 1.18 (1.04–1.35) | 52.4 | – | – |  |
Anosmia | 5 | 4.95 (2.64–9.31) | 79.4 | 5 | 4.95 (2.64–9.31) | 79.4 |
Sleep disorders | 4 | 1.14 (1.04–1.26) | 0 | 3 | 1.16 (0.96–1.39) | 0 |
Congested or runny nose | 3 | 0.90 (0.79–1.04) | 0 | – | – | – |
Cough | 6 | 0.91 (0.75–1.11) | 88.7 | 4 | 1.01 (0.94–1.07) | 3.3 |
Dyspnea | 8 | 1.99 (1.52–2.61) | 90.5 | 6 | 2.05 (1.49–2.81) | 85.4 |
Depression | 4 | 1.03 (0.90–1.19) | 30.3 | 3 | 0.92 (0.77–1.10) | 0 |
Anxiety | 4 | 1.01 (0.88–1.16) | 40.6 | 3 | 0.94 (0.79–1.12) | 19.6 |
Brain fog/confusion/difficulty in concentration | 12 | 2.29 (1.88–2.78) | 90.1 | 10 | 2.63 (2.09–3.30) | 81.1 |
Chest pain | 5 | 1.44 (1.02–2.03) | 95.1 | 4 | 1.21 (0.94–1.56) | 87 |
Tachycardia | 4 | 1.34 (1.04–1.73) | 87.9 | 3 | 1.21 (0.98–1.5) | 70 |
Myalgia/arthralgia | 8 | 1.11 (0.98–1.25) | 85.4 | 5 | 1.10 (0.97–1.25) | 73.6 |