Table 2 Meta-analysis of odds ratios for signs, symptoms, and conditions in non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients compared to negative controls, with subgroup analysis by comorbidity matching
Sign/symptom/condition | Overall | Matched comorbidity | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Studies No | Pooled odds ratio (95% CI) | I2% | Studies No | Pooled odds ratio (95% CI) | I2% | |
Abdominal pain | 7 | 0.96 (0.76–1.23) | 87.4 | – | – | – |
Diarrhea | 5 | 1.14 (0.9–1.42) | 63.1 | – | – | – |
Nausea/Vomiting | 5 | 0.95 (0.81–1.12) | 51.7 | 3 | 0.89 (0.8–0.99) | 9.8 |
Heartburn/Stomachache | 3 | 1.02 (0.9–1.16) | 0 | – | – | – |
Sore throat | 9 | 0.85 (0.67–1.08) | 90.5 | 4 | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0 |
Fatigue | 11 | 1.7 (1.51–1.93) | 68.5 | 5 | 2.2 (1.6–3.03) | 21.7 |
Headache | 11 | 1.13 (0.89–1.42) | 95.3 | 4 | 1 (0.83–1.21) | 60.9 |
Fever | 7 | 1.02 (0.82–1.26) | 35.8 | – | – | – |
Dizziness | 6 | 1.37 (1.08–1.75) | 90.03 | 3 | 1.13 (1.05–1.2) | 0 |
Anosmia | 6 | 11.27 (9.59–13.24) | 0 | 3 | 4.91 (1.48–16.3) | 0 |
Ageusia | 3 | 9.76 (5.49–17.36) | 0 | – | – |  |
Congested or runny Nose | 4 | 0.89 (0.78–1.02) | 0 | 3 | 0.89 (0.78–1.02) | 0 |
Cough | 10 | 0.95 (0.8–1.12) | 78.3 | 4 | 0.98 (0.94–1.03) | 0 |
Dyspnea | 11 | 2.19 (1.63–2.96) | 95.9 | 6 | 2.52 (1.41–4.52) | 90.4 |
Anxiety | 3 | 1.09 (0.98–1.21) | 0 | – | – | – |
Sleep disorders | 6 | 1.08 (0.95–1.22) | 23.1 | – | – | – |
Depression | 6 | 0.91 (0.72–1.16) | 67.3 | – | – |  |
Brain fog | 18 | 1.85 (1.58–2.16) | 79 | 10 | 2.91 (2.05–4.15) | 80.3 |
Tachycardia/palpitation | 4 | 1.46 (1.06–2.03) | 90.8 | – | – | – |
Chest pain | 8 | 1.9 (1.28–2.82) | 97.3 | 4 | 1.74 (0.85–3.56) | 87.2 |
Myalgia/Arthralgia | 12 | 1.25 (1.07–1.45) | 90.8 | 4 | 1.1 (0.97–1.23) | 75.6 |
Skin conditions | 4 | 1.42 (0.85–2.4) | 74.9 | – | – | – |
Ear problems | 5 | 1.35 (1.24–1.46) | 0 | 3 | 1.06 (0.74–1.51) | 0 |