Fig. 7

Amount of various cytokines produced by oral keratinocyte and nasal epithelial cells in response to oro-nasal film spray containing curcumin measured by a commercial Milliplex Map Kit; IL-1β (a, b), IL-6 (c, d), IL-10 (e, f), TNF-α (g, h), IFN-γ (i, j). The spray enhanced the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 and pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α produced by oral keratinocytes greater than that of the controls, whereas such effects were not found in nasal epithelial cells. No significant changes in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines were observed. P-value was presented as *<0.05 versus untreated control