Fig. 2
From: Bardoxolone methyl inhibits the infection of rabies virus via Nrf2 pathway activation in vitro
Cytotoxic and inhibitory effects of CDDO-Me in N2a cells infected with different RABV stains. N2a cells were infected with SC16 A, CVS-11 C or CTN E at an MOI of 10 and treated with CDDO-Me diluted in the culture medium to the appropriate concentration (0.02 μM, 0.05 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.2 μM or 0.5 μM) for 24 h in triplicate. Virus-infected cells that were treated with DMSO served as a control. The culture supernatants were harvested, and the viral particles were detected by direct fluorescent antibody (DFA) assay; apple-green fluorescence represents fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled RABV, and the scale bar represents 100 μm. B, D, F The anti-RABV effects of CDDO-Me are presented on the right as the relative inhibition rate, which was calculated by counting clusters of fluorescent foci using DFA staining and comparing counts derived from CDDO-Me-treated N2a cells upon SC16, CVS-11 or CTN infection, with virus-infected N2a cells treated with DMSO serving as a control. Columns and solid circles represent the relative inhibition rate and cell viability, respectively. G Culture supernatants were sampled, and the viral titers of the culture supernatants were measured. Comparisons of virus-infected cells treated with each agent at each concentration to the virus-infected, DMSO-treated control group are shown. The data shown represent the mean and standard deviation from two independent experiments that were performed in triplicate. The mean and standard deviation are shown. Statistical analysis was carried out using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's post hoc test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001″)