Fig. 1

NS1 is most likely involved in regulating the AMPK/ERK/mTOR pathway to induce autophagy. A Superposition of protein homology modeling structure and natural structure. Green is the homology modeled structure, blue is the natural structure, and from a–d, the superposition of NS1, NS3, NS5, and AMPKα homology modeled and natural structures in order. B Pull-down diagram of the protein structure. From a–d, NS1, NS3, NS5, and AMPKα in order. C Conformation of NS1 complexed with AMPK α1. Where NS1 protein is in blue and AMPK1 protein is in green. a is the overall binding mode of the complex, b is the protein–protein interaction amino acid residues, and c is the 2D diagram of residue interactions