Table 2 Differences in characteristics of COVID-19 patients based on different vitamin D status groups at admission

Age (years)

72.80 ± 1.13

71.46 ± 1.07

74.29 ± 1.04

0.14

BMI

25.76 ± 0.37

23.92 ± 0.40

23.73 ± 0.24

0.06

Sex (male), n (%)

15 (52)

44 (72)

188 (61)

0.13

Current smoker, n (%)

6 (21)

13 (21)

50 (17)

0.55

Comorbidity

Diabetes, n (%)

6(21)

16(26)

97(31)

0.00

Hypertension, n (%)

16(55)

35(57)

184 (60)

0.12

Coronary Heart Disease n (%)

8(28)

19(31)

83(27)

0.09

Chronic lung disease (%)

3 (10)

9 (15)

43 (14)

0.83

CKD (%)

2 (7)

3(5)

35(11)

0.22

Laboratory findings

Neutrophils, E + 09/L

5.51 ± 0.65

5.21 ± 0.45

6.21 ± 0.22

0.141

Lymphocytes, E + 09/L

1.19 ± 0.54

1.10 ± 0.15

0.64 ± 0.39

0.656

Eosinophil, E + 09/L

0.05 ± 0.05

0.05 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.00

0.837

CRP, mg/L

45.61 ± 10.25

43.78 ± 7.04

53.59 ± 3.55

0.087

PCT, ng/mL

0.33 ± 0.16

0.24 ± 0.07

0.92 ± 0.31

0.546

D-dimer, µg/mL

0.97 ± 0.16

1.34 ± 0.26

2.27 ± 0.21

0.048

Uric acid, µmol/L

265.93 ± 18.21

263.74 ± 10.65

291.95 ± 8.19

0.246

Ferritin, ng/mL

464.73 ± 20.72

549.64 ± 51.29

612.05 ± 89.18

0.06

LDH, U/L

264.43 ± 13.40

252.34 ± 17.52

281.44 ± 7.76

0.270

Glucose, mmol/L

6.62 ± 0.25

7.53 ± 0.22

8.11 ± 0.57

0.119

IL-5, pg/mL

2.45 ± 0.20

2.59 ± 0.07

3.92 ± 0.29

0.045

IL-6, pg/mL

10.97 ± 2.27

14.86 ± 2.73

21.75 ± 2.98

0.373

IL-10, pg/mL

4.90 ± 2.17

3.20 ± 0.34

3.25 ± 0.28

0.318

CD4⁺T cells

292.75 ± 16.53

240.11 ± 25.94

223.70 ± 37.57

0.217

CD8⁺T cells

218.90 ± 13.53

167.55 ± 17.85

137.55 ± 30.02

0.034

CD4⁺/CD8⁺

2.08 ± 0.28

1.64 ± 0.17

1.84 ± 0.11

0.56

B cells count

110.31 ± 21.16

112.09 ± 12.63

112.66 ± 8.26

0.809