Table 1 Differences in characteristics of patients based on the different severity of COVID-19 at admission
Variables | General (n = 175) | Severe (n = 149) | Critical (n = 75) | Deceased (n = 42) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 70.52 ± 1.04 | 73.49 ± 0.97 | 77.52 ± 1.14 | 79.88 ± 1.26 | < 0.01 | |
BMI | 23.95 ± 0.34 | 23.94 ± 0.30 | 23.59 ± 0.38 | 23.42 ± 0.49 | 0.79 | |
Sex (male), n (%) | 108 (62) | 86 (59) | 53 (70) | 26 (62) | 0.36 | |
Current smoker, n (%) | 28 (16) | 27 (18) | 14 (19) | 7(17) | 0.94 | |
Comorbidity | ||||||
Diabetes, n (%) | 41(23) | 47(32) | 31(41) | 15(36) | 0.03 | |
Hypertension, n (%) | 88 (50) | 95(64) | 52(69) | 33(79) | 0.001 | |
Coronary Heart Disease n (%) | 40(23) | 45(30) | 25(33) | 16(38) | 0.06 | |
Chronic lung disease (%) | 24 (14) | 20 (13) | 11 (15) | 7 (17) | 0.89 | |
CKD (%) | 13 (7) | 15(10) | 12 (16) | 9 (21) | 0.04 | |
Symptoms | ||||||
Duration of Fever, D | 8.24 ± 0.55 | 9.02 ± 0.60 | 10.83 ± 0.85 | 11.03 ± 0.69 | 0.03 | |
Dyspnea, % | 108 (62) | 102 (68) | 75 (100) | 42 (100) | 0.00 | |
Laboratory findings | ||||||
Serum 25(OH)D level (ng/mL) | 43.16 ± 1.82 | 39.44 ± 1.88 | 35.64 ± 2.32 | 28.02 ± 1.99 | < 0.001 | |
Neutrophils, E + 09/L | 5.34 ± 0.25 | 5.93 ± 2.88 | 7.62 ± 0.57 | 8.83 ± 0.69 | < 0.001 | |
Lymphocytes, E + 09/L | 1.19 ± 0.54 | 1.10 ± 0.15 | 0.64 ± 0.39 | 0.61 ± 0.49 | < 0.01 | |
Eosinophil, E + 09/L | 0.06 ± 0.01 | 0.03 ± 0.0 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.00 | < 0.01 | |
CRP, mg/L | 34.09 ± 3.58 | 55.54 ± 5.38 | 90.0 ± 7.64 | 97.34 ± 11.35 | < 0.001 | |
PCT, ng/mL | 1.46 ± 0.78 | 1.33 ± 0.73 | 0.81 ± 0.31 | 0.80 ± 0.39 | 0.93 | |
D-dimer, µg/mL | 1.57 ± 0.30 | 2.45 ± 0.38 | 4.15 ± 0.84 | 5.94 ± 1.59 | < 0.001 | |
Uric acid, µmol/L | 271.71 ± 14.11 | 289.57 ± 18.82 | 292.10 ± 32.74 | 297.87 ± 43.58 | 0.53 | |
Ferritin, ng/mL | 447.66 ± 27.39 | 504.72 ± 29.80 | 575.0 ± 49.45 | 626.86 ± 71.96 | 0.02 | |
LDH, U/L | 236.39 ± 14.31 | 276.35 ± 20.67 | 375.65 ± 40.59 | 479.8 ± 82.99 | < 0.001 | |
Glucose, mmol/L | 6.79 ± 0.27 | 7.80 ± 0.29 | 8.39 ± 0.42 | 8.17 ± 0.67 | < 0.001 | |
IL-5, pg/mL | 1.65 ± 0.31 | 2.29 ± 0.15 | 3.36 ± 0.44 | 3.22 ± 0.75 | 0.003 | |
IL-6, pg/mL | 12.20 ± 1.68 | 20.57 ± 3.20 | 30.67 ± 6.55 | 35.22 ± 11.36 | 0.002 | |
IL-10, pg/mL | 3.15 ± 0.53 | 3.38 ± 0.34 | 3.58 ± 0.28 | 3.47 ± 0.47 | 0.93 | |
CD4+T cells | 344.16 ± 23.93 | 256.85 ± 19.61 | 170.16 ± 2187 | 121.37 ± 15.11 | < 0.001 | |
CD8+T cells | 271.31 ± 18.89 | 197.56 ± 23.90 | 123.45 ± 13.63 | 123.31 ± 19.47 | < 0.001 | |
CD4+/CD8+ | 1.58 ± 0.12 | 1.82 ± 0.11 | 2.32 ± 0.28 | 1.89 ± 0.32 | 0.02 | |
B cell counts | 132.52 ± 13.02 | 108.98 ± 9.52 | 82.78 ± 11.56 | 56.37 ± 11.24 | 0.005 | |