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Fig. 2 | Virology Journal

Fig. 2

From: Development and efficacy assessment of hand sanitizers and polylactic acid films incorporating caffeic acid and vanillin for enhanced antiviral properties against HCoV-229E

Fig. 2

Inactivation of HCoV-229E in suspension by formulated hand-sanitizers. The error bar represents standard deviations of the means (SD). A-E indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) of each hand-sanitizers by treatment time. The short dash line informs the detection limit (0.5 log TCID50/ml)

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X