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Table 2 The positive rate of IFV in Hubei Province stratified by the universal two–child policy implementation

From: Epidemiological change of influenza virus in hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infection during 2014−2022 in Hubei Province, China

Group

2014–2015

2017–2019

RR (95% CI)

P

No. of children

Positive

Positive rate (95% CI), %

No. of children

Positive

Positive rate (95% CI), %

Overall

10,446

42

0.40 (0.30–0.54)

43,916

1186

2.70 (2.55–2.86)

6.72 (4.94–9.13)

 < 0.001

Gender

Male

6438

27

0.42 (0.29–0.61)

26,183

712

2.72 (2.53–2.92)

6.48 (4.42–9.51)

 < 0.001

Female

4008

15

0.37 (0.23–0.62)

17,733

474

2.67 (2.45–2.92)

7.14 (4.28–11.93)

 < 0.001

Age, year

 < 1

5105

10

0.20 (0.11–0.36)

14,977

301

2.01 (1.80–2.25)

10.26 (5.47–19.24)

 < 0.001

1–2

2984

16

0.54 (0.33–0.87)

14,248

429

3.01 (2.74–3.30)

5.62 (3.41–9.23)

 < 0.001

3–5

1850

13

0.70 (0.41–1.20)

11,224

321

2.86 (2.57–3.18)

4.07 (2.34–7.07)

 < 0.001

6–17

507

3

0.59 (0.20–1.73)

3467

135

3.89 (3.30–4.59)

6.58 (2.10–20.58)

 < 0.001

URTI

2691

11

0.41 (0.23–0.73)

11,340

303

2.67 (2.39–2.99)

6.54 (3.59–11.91)

 < 0.001

Gender

Male

1559

7

0.45 (0.22–0.92)

6682

175

2.62 (2.26–3.03)

5.83 (2.75–12.39)

 < 0.001

Female

1132

4

0.35 (0.14–0.90)

4658

128

2.75 (2.32–3.26)

7.78 (2.88–20.99)

 < 0.001

Age, year

 < 1

1001

5

0.50 (0.21–1.16)

2713

57

2.10 (1.63–2.71)

4.21 (1.69–10.46)

 < 0.001

1–2

956

2

0.21 (0.06–0.76)

4164

111

2.67 (2.22–3.20)

12.74 (3.15–51.49)

 < 0.001

3–5

536

2

0.37 (0.10–1.35)

3282

88

2.68 (2.18–3.29)

7.19 (1.77–29.10)

 < 0.001

6–17

198

2

1.01 (0.28–3.61)

1181

47

3.98 (3.01–5.25)

3.94 (0.96–16.09)

 < 0.001

LRTI

7755

31

0.40 (0.28–0.57)

32,576

883

2.71 (2.54–2.89)

6.78 (4.74–9.69)

 < 0.001

Gender

Male

4879

20

0.41 (0.27–0.63)

19,501

537

2.75 (2.53–2.99)

6.72 (4.30–10.49)

 < 0.001

Female

2876

11

0.38 (0.21–0.68)

13,075

346

2.65 (2.38–2.94)

6.92 (3.80–12.59)

 < 0.001

Age, year

 < 1

4104

5

0.12 (0.05–0.28)

12,264

244

1.99 (1.76–2.25)

16.33 (6.74–39.56)

 < 0.001

1–2

2028

14

0.69 (0.41–1.16)

10,084

318

3.15 (2.83–3.51)

4.57 (2.68–7.78)

 < 0.001

3–5

1314

11

0.84 (0.47–1.49)

7942

233

2.93 (2.58–3.33)

3.50 (1.92–6.40)

 < 0.001

6–17

309

1

0.32 (0.06–1.81)

2286

88

3.85 (3.14–4.72)

11.90 (1.66–85.08)

 < 0.001

  1. IFV influenza virus, URTI upper respiratory tract infection, LRTI lower respiratory tract infection, CI confidence interval, RR rate ratio, P P value
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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X