Table 1 Statistical association of demographic and clinical characteristics with severity of COVID-19: Fever, cough, dyspnea, loss of taste, elevated d-dimer, LDH, and CRP levels were all significantly associated with the severity of the disease. Fever, cough, and dyspnea were commonly present in all severity levels, while loss of taste and smell were more frequently associated with mild and moderate cases
Characteristics | n = 143 | Severity | P valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Serious 77 (53.8) | Non-Serious 66 (46.2) | |||
Age (Years) <=50 > 50 | 37 (25.9) 106 (74.1) | 18 (12.6) 59 (41.3) | 19 (13.3) 47 (32.9) | 0.566 |
Gender Male Female | 80 (55.9) 63 (44.1) | 44 (30.8) 33 (23.1) | 36 (25.2) 30 (21) | 0.866 |
Ethnicity Sindhi Urdu Punjabi Pathan | 35 (24.5) 82 (57.3) 18 (12.6) 8 (5.6) | 15 (10.5) 45 (31.5) 14 (9.8) 3 (2.1) | 20 (14) 37 (25.9) 4 (2.8) 5 (3.5) | 0.081 |
Hypertension Yes No | 83 (58) 60 (42) | 46 (32.2) 31 (21.7) | 37 (25.9) 29 (20.3) | 0.735 |
Diabetes Mellitus Yes No | 71 (49.7) 72 (50.3) | 42 (29.4) 35 (24.5) | 29 (20.3) 37 (25.9) | 0.242 |
Fever Yes No | 90 (62.9) 53 (37.1) | 59 (41.3) 18 (12.6) | 31 (21.7) 35 (24.5) | 0.001* |
Cough Yes No | 58 (40.6) 85 (59.4) | 40 (28) 37 (25.9) | 18 (12.6) 48 (33.6) | 0.004* |
Dyspnea Yes No | 87 (60.8) 56 (39.2) | 64 (44.8) 13 (9.1) | 23 (16.1) 43 (30.1) | 0.001* |
Arthralgia Yes No | 18 (12.6) 125 (87.4) | 9 (6.3) 68 (47.6) | 9 (6.3) 57 (39.9) | 0.803 |
Ageusia Yes No | 4 (2.8) 139 (97.2) | 0 (0) 77 (53.8) | 4 (2.8) 62 (43.4) | 0.043* |
Anosmia Yes No | 6 (4.2) 137 (95.8) | 2 (1.4) 75 (52.4) | 4 (2.8) 62 (43.3) | 0.415 |
TLC Raised Normal Below Normal | 120 (83.9) 21 (14.7) 2 (1.4) | 62 (43.3) 15 (10.5) 0 (0) | 58 (40.6) 6 (4.2) 2 (1.4) | 0.075 |
De-Dimer Raised Normal | 105 (73.4) 38 (26.6) | 66 (46.2) 11 (7.7) | 39 (27.3) 27 (18.9) | < 0.001* |
Ferritin Raised Normal | 100 (69.9) 43 (30.1) | 56 (39.2) 21 (14.7) | 44 (30.8) 22 (15.4) | 0.468 |
LDH Raised Normal | 127 (88.8) 16 (11.2) | 76 (53.1) 1 (0.7) | 51 (35.7) 15 (10.5) | < 0.001* |
CRP Raised Normal | 92 (64.3) 51 (35.7) | 62 (43.3) 15 (10.5) | 30 (21) 36 (25.2 | < 0.001* |
Pro-calcitonin Raised Normal | 139 (97.2) 4 (2.8) | 74 (51.7) 1 (0.7) | 65 (45.5) 3 (2.1) | 0.642 |
Outcome Discharged Deaths | 110 (76.9) 33 (23.1) | 48 (33.6) 29 (20.3) | 62 (43.4) 4 (2.8) | < 0.001* |