Table 3 Registered clinical trials to investigate the role of autophagy for COVID-19.
From: Role and clinical implication of autophagy in COVID-19
Drugs | Disease conditions | mechanism | Interventions | Status | Phase | NCT number |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GNS651 | COVID-19 Advanced or Metastatic Hematological or Solid Tumor | Inhibit late-stage autophagy. | GNS651 Standard of care Avdoralimab Monalizumab | Completed | Phase II | NCT04333914 |
Nitazoxanide | COVID-19 | Inhibit late-stage autophagy. | Nitazoxanide Placebo | Terminated | Phase II Phase III | NCT04523090 |
HCQ | COVID-19 | Interfere with autophagosome-lysosome fusion. | HCQ & Arm A vs. HCQ&Arm B | Withdrawn | Not Applicable | NCT04374903 |
P2Et | COVID COVID-19 | Induct complete autophagy. | P2Et Placebo | Recruiting | Phase II Phase III | NCT04410510 |
Chloroquine phosphate | COVID-19 | Interfere with autophagosome-lysosome fusion. | Chloroquine phosphate | Unknown | Phase I | NCT04443270 |
Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine | COVID-19 Coronavirus | Interfere with autophagosome-lysosome fusion. | Chloroquine Hydroxychloroquine Standard care | Completed | Phase III | NCT04420247 |
Chloroquine Phosphate Tablets | COVID-19 Pneumonia | Interfere with autophagosome-lysosome fusion. | Chloroquine Phosphate Tablets Losartan | Withdrawn | Phase II | NCT04428268 |
Chloroquine Sulfate Hydroxychloroquine | COVID-19 | Interfere with autophagosome-lysosome fusion. | Chloroquine Sulfate Hydroxychloroquine Standard supportive care | Terminated | Phase IV | NCT04362332 |
Rapamycin | Acute Lung Injury/ARDS Respiratory Failure COVID-19 | Activate autophagy via inhibiting mTOR. | Rapamycin Placebo | Withdrawn | Phase I Phase II | NCT04482712 |