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Fig. 2 | Virology Journal

Fig. 2

From: Acute and post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a review of risk factors and social determinants

Fig. 2

Genetic, Immune and Gut Microbiome Dysregulation in PASC. Patients with PASC display multifocal abnormalities in immune system activation and gut microbiome dysbiosis as well as specific genetic HLA associations. Within the innate and adaptive immune system, patients demonstrate decrease in naive T and B cells and immunoglobulins, and increase in activated myeloid cells, exhausted T-cells and autoantibodies. Patients may also have an increase in histamine release, which in combination with deaminase oxidase deficiency can contribute to augmentation of inflammation. SARS-CoV-2 may also potentially serve as a trigger in reactivating latent EBV, which could contribute to molecular mimicry-mediated ongoing PASC inflammation. Lastly, patients with PASC may have gut microbiome dysbiosis, that may correlate with neuropsychiatric and respiratory PASC symptoms

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Virology Journal

ISSN: 1743-422X