Table 1 Descriptive statistics and internal consistency of the scales
|  | Mean | SD | Min | Max | Cronbach’s α | Items |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Psychological capital | 104.01 | 14.89 | 43 | 144 | 0.87 | 24 |
Self-efficacy | 27.45 | 4.25 | 14 | 36 | 0.81 | 6 |
Hope | 26.10 | 4.98 | 12 | 36 | 0.90 | 6 |
Tenacity | 24.62 | 4.35 | 7 | 36 | 0.81 | 6 |
Optimism | 25.84 | 3.58 | 7 | 36 | 0.82 | 6 |
Social support | 37.20 | 7.88 | 13 | 53 | 0.84 | 10 |
Objective support | 18.59 | 4.01 | 6 | 24 | 0.91 | 3 |
Subjective support | 9.30 | 3.21 | 6 | 30 | 0.83 | 4 |
Utilization of support | 9.32 | 2.04 | 3 | 12 | 0.88 | 3 |
Social alienation | 35.39 | 4.64 | 21 | 56 | 0.93 | 15 |
Self-alienation | 6.68 | 1.47 | 3 | 12 | 0.91 | 3 |
Social isolation | 11.03 | 2.21 | 5 | 19 | 0.84 | 5 |
Powerlessness | 8.95 | 1.79 | 4 | 15 | 0.82 | 4 |
Meaningless | 8.74 | 1.19 | 6 | 12 | 0.86 | 3 |