Fig. 1

Schematic representation of infection and treatments of differentiated airway epithelial cells (AECs). Primary AECs were driven to differentiation in air-liquid interface cultures and infected with 0.1 MOI IAV (H1N1) PR/8/34 strain and treated with vehicle control or 20 µM caspase or PARP1 inhibitors on apical and basal sides 3 h prior to viral infection. The inhibitors were removed from the apical side but were kept with media in the basal side for the whole experimental period. Infectious virus yields were analyzed from the apical washes collected 48- or 72-hours post-infection (hpi) via plaque assay. The blue circles resting atop the cells in the right-most diagram depict mucus secreted by virus-infected differentiated AECs