Fig. 11
From: Reactive oxygen species enhance rAAV transduction by promoting its escape from late endosomes
A model that ROS can facilitate rAAV2 escape from late endosomes to promote rAAV2 transduction. After binding to the HSPGs/co-receptor complex, rAAV enters target cells through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. When a particle entered the endosome, due to the acidic endosomal environment, cathepsins B was combined with L, and the capsids were cleaved. VP1/VP2 region underwent a conformational change, and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) domain exposure (spikes) promoted the release of cytoplasm from the Golgi apparatus. After processing particles, they were released from endosome to trans-Golgi network (TGN) via the retrograde transport pathway. After nuclear import, intact capsids were mobilized in the nucleoplasm, followed by partial uncoating-mediated genome release