Table 3 Function of several nanoparticles in viral respiratory infections

Influenza

TMC NPs

To successfully prevent this infection, purified HA2 and NP recombinant proteins were encapsulated in TMC NPs

[72]

H1N1

PS-GAMP

PS-GAMP significantly boosted H1N1 vaccine-induced humoral and cytotoxic T-cell immune responses in mice by imitating the primary stage of illness without causing further inflammation

[73]

H1N1

PEGylated ZnO-NPs

Exposure to the virus and bare ZnO-NPs at the highest non-toxic concentrations may result in a drop in viral titer

[74]

H3N2

AgNPs

The inhalation route used to inject AgNPs increases survival in H3N2-infected mice

[75]

H1N1

SeNPs

SeNPs inhibit lung damage in H1N1-infected mice and repress interactivity among virus and target cells

[76]

H1N1

IO-NPs

These NPs prevent the virus from connecting to target cells in vitro

[77]

RSV

AgNPs

Curcumin-modified AgNPs have more significant antiviral activity and a more effective inhibitory impact against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection

[78]