Fig. 4

LVRNA001 induced a humoral immune response and protected mice against RABV challenge. Mice were intramuscularly injected with LVRNA001 (1 μg or 5 μg) or Rabvac® (0.1 dose) for once (0d) or twice (0d/7d). PBS served as negative control. A–B Mouse serum samples were collected on day 14 after first injection, and IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were measured via ELISAs and FAVN tests, respectively. n = 4/group. C At 14 dpi, mice were intracerebrally challenged with 50-fold LD₅₀ of the virulent RABV-CVS-24 strain. The survival rates of the infected mice were monitored until 14 days post-challenge. n = 9/group. D Serum samples of surviving mice from C were collected at 21 days post-challenge, and the FAVN test was used to detect neutralizing antibody levels. E Direct immunofluorescence detection of RABV in dead mouse brain by using a RABV-specific antibody at day 21 post-challenge