Fig. 3
a Scheme of tumor implant (KPC), and treatment with VSV-S (V) and anti-PD-1 antibody. b Tumor growth curves. The tumor growth curves were plotted for VSV-S treated (n = 16) (red) and PBS control (n = 4) (black) groups. Tumor burden was presented as logarithm values of the luciferase activity measured on an IVIS imager. Error bars represent the standard deviations. Treatment regimen was intratumoral injection of 3.0 × 107 PFU of VSV-SKPC on Days 0, 2 and 4, and 40 µg of anti-PD-1 antibody on Day 12. The control was intratumoral injection of 30 µL of PBS on Days 0, 2 and 4. (p < 0.002, t-test) c Survival of treated and control mice. The survival rate of mice in the treated group (red) and the control group (black) was plotted versus days post treatment. The treatment regimen and control are the same as in (ii). d Tumor growth patterns. IVIS images of luciferase activities from three examples are presented. Days of virus, PBS and anti-PD-1 antibody injections are marked. Case 1 is for a female mouse that resulted in complete regression of the tumor after treatment, whereas Case 2 is for a female mouse that resulted in extended inhibition of tumor growth after treatment. A case for PBS control is also included. e Sex difference. The tumor growth curves of treated female mice (n = 3) (pink) and male mice (n = 3) (blue) groups. Tumor burden was presented as logarithm values of the luciferase activity measured on an IVIS imager. Error bars represent the standard deviations. Treatment regimen was intratumoral injection of 3.0 × 107 PFU of VSV-SKPC on Days 0, 2 and 4, and 40 µg of anti-PD-1 antibody on Day 12. (p < 0.0008, t-test)