Evolutionary trajectory of SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants

Table 5 SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (as of July 22, 2021)

Variant	Mutations of interest	Clade	Date of emergence	First detection in human population	Country of likely origin	References
B.1.1.7 (VOC2020 12/01, 501.V1, Alpha)	S: 69-70del S: Y144del S: N501Y S: D614G S: P681H	GRY	September, 2020	December, 2020	United Kingdom	[89, 99, 190]
B.1.351 (501.V2, Beta)	S: K417N S: E484K S: N501Y S: D614G S: A701V	GH	October, 2020	December, 2020	South Africa	[100, 101, 190]
P.1 (501.V3, Gamma)	S: K417T S: E484K S: N501Y S: D614G	GR	July, 2020	January, 2021	Brazil	[101, 190, 194]
B.1.617.2 (Delta)	S: L452R S: T478K S: D614G S: P681R	G	October, 2020	December, 2020	India	[196, 201, 202, 346]

Variant names are based on Rambaut et al.’s classification [347]. Other commonly used names are mentioned in brackets. Mutations mentioned here are non-synonymous mutations that are speculated to confer some functional significance. These variants contain other mutations that may also contribute to viral advantages [89, 99,100,101]. Updated information about SARS-CoV-2 VOCs can be accessed through the GISAID resource (https://www.gisaid.org). Dates of emergence are based on retrospective analyses. S, spike. del, deletion

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