Specific cytokines in the inflammatory cytokine storm of patients with COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and extrapulmonary multiple-organ dysfunction

Table 2 Laboratory indices of COVID-19 patients at admission who did or did not develop ARDS

Index	ARDS (n = 64)	Non-ARDS (n = 30)	P value
Blood counts
White blood cells, × 10⁹/L	9.73 ± 5.42	5.31 ± 1.97	< 0.001
Neutrophils, × 10⁹/L	8.456 ± 5.15	3.99 ± 1.80	< 0.001
Monocytes, × 10⁹/L	0.52 ± 0.42	0.39 ± 0.21	0.070
Lymphocytes, × 10⁹/L	0.76 ± 0.58	1.05 ± 0.43	0.016
Platelets, × 10⁹/L	201.41 ± 120.11	205.4 ± 82.80	0.852
Lymphopenia, n (%)	55 (85.9%)	19 (63.3%)	0.013
Thrombocytopenia, n (%)	20 (31.3%)	4 (13.3%)	0.063
Hemoglobin, g/L	124.13 ± 22.18	127.80 ± 19.15	0.437
Serum biochemistry
ALT, U/L	36.59 ± 33.15	28.47 ± 23.30	0.117
AST, U/L	46.28 ± 25.78	35.17 ± 29.80	0.067
TBIL, µmol/L	15.73 ± 10.58	9.35 ± 4.13	0.041
LDH, U/L	511.19 ± 264.81	276.30 ± 127.25	< 0.001
Creatinine, µmol/L	105.40 ± 126.52	78.57 ± 36.10	0.258
Urea nitrogen, mmol/L	9.73 ± 7.23	4.96 ± 2.47	0.001
Albumin, g/L	31.68 ± 6.10	34.34 ± 3.18	0.027
Inflammatory markers
ESR, mm/h	44.37 ± 26.92	35.93 ± 23.00	0.197
hsCRP, mg/L	105.96 ± 69.63	47.30 ± 40.59	< 0.001
PCT, ng/mL	0.85 ± 1.36	0.07 ± 0.05	< 0.001
Coagulation markers
D-dimer, µg/mL	7.59 ± 8.07	1.42 ± 2.05	< 0.001
PT, s	16.39 ± 4.89	13.97 ± 0.85	< 0.001
APTT, s	45.86 ± 12.47	43.30 ± 8.13	0.309
Fib, g/L	5.42 ± 1.97	5.17 ± 0.89	0.401

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%)
ALT alanine aminotransferase, AST aspartate aminotransferase, TBIL total bilirubin, LDH lactate dehydrogenase, ESR erythrocyte sedimentation rate, hsCRP high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, PCT procalcitonin, PT prothrombin time, APTT activated partial prothrombin time, Fib fibrinogen

ISSN: 1743-422X