TLR1/2 [33,34,35]
|
Cell surface
|
Triacylated lipopeptides
|
TLR2/6 [36,37,38,39,40,41]
|
Cell surface
|
Diacylated lipopeptides (Mycoplasma), Lipoteichoic acid (Streptococcus), Zymosan (Saccharomyces cerevisiae)
|
TLR2 [38, 42,43,44,45,46,47,48]
|
Cell surface
|
Peptidoglycan (Gram-positive bacteria), Lipoarabinomannan (Mycobacteria), Hemagglutinin (measles virus), phosphatidylinositol mannoside 6 (Mycobacteria), Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (Trypanosoma)
|
TLR3 [49,50,51,52]
|
Endosome
|
ssRNA virus (West Nile virus), dsRNA virus (Respiratory syncytial virus, murine cytomegalovirus)
|
TLR4 [43, 53,54,55,56,57,58,59]
|
Cell surface
|
Lipopolysaccharide (Gram-negative bacteria), Mannan-binding lectin (Candida albicans), glycoinositol- phospholipids (Trypanosoma cruzi), Envelope proteins (respiratory syncytial virus, mouse mammary tumor)
|
TLR5 [60, 61]
|
Cell surface
|
Flagellin (flagellated bacteria)
|
TLR7 [62, 63]
|
Endosome
|
ssRNA viruses (vesicular stomatitis virus, influenza virus)
|
TLR8 [64,65,66]
|
Endosome
|
ssRNA from RNA viruses
|
TLR9 [67,68,69,70,71]
|
Endosome
|
dsRNA viruses (herpes simplex virus, murine cytomegalovirus), CpG motifs from bacteria and viruses, Hemozoin (Plasmodium)
|