Fig. 2

Luteolin increases MX1, OAS1 and ISG15 expressions in A549 cells. A549 cells were pre-treated with the indicated concentrations of luteolin for 24 h before infected with RSV at MOI = 0.05. At 12 or 24 h post infection, a RNA was extracted and RT-qPCR was performed to determine the MX1, OAS1 and ISG15 expressions. b IFN-α and IFN-β mRNA expressions or secretions in cell culture supernatants were determined by RT-qPCR or ELSIA, respectively. Data shown are means ± SEM. Statistical significance was examined by Students’ t-test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. MX1 MX dynamin like GTPase 1, OAS1 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthase 1, ISG15 interferon stimulated gene 15, RSV respiratory syncytial virus, MOI multiplicity of infection