Fig. 3

BKPyV infection enhances bladder tumor growth and metastasis. a T24, HTB-9 and their respective BKPyV-infected cells were injected subcutaneously into nude mice with subsequent intraperitoneal injection of KYA1797K (20 mg/kg) (n = 5). Tumor volumes (b, c) of mice were measured every 5 days. BKPyV infection significantly promoted tumor growth in vivo. The effect was significantly reversed by KYA1797K. Tumors were subjected to H&E staining (d) (200×) and TUNEL immunohistochemistry (e, f) (200×). TUNEL staining showed that BKPyV infection significantly induced tumor apoptosis. The effect was significantly reversed by KYA1797K. g Representative images of liver, metastatic nodules (indicated by arrows) are shown. h Livers were subjected to H&E staining (original magnification,40×; smaller image at lower left, 200×). Liver metastasis was found only in the BKPyV-infected group. The effect was significantly reversed by KYA1797K. All graphs represent the mean ± SD obtained from three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001; + BKPyV versus control; + BKPyV +KYA1797K versus + BKPyV; Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA