Fig. 2

Cell stimulation with PMA and Ionomycin upregulates viral gene expression in infected lymphocytic cell lines. a) Infected BJAB, KE37, and Jurkat cells were stimulated with PMA/Iono for 24 h and stained with monoclonal antibodies for CD25 (FITC-labeled) and CD69 (PE-labeled) detected by flow cytometry. Percentages indicate number of cells positive for the indicated marker following stimulation. Shaded area and open area show untreated and PMA/Iono-treated samples, respectively. b) PMA/Iono-induced changes to viral gene expression were evaluated in persistently-infected BJAB or KE37 cells (between 50 to 100 dpi) and lytically-infected Jurkat cells (2 dpi). Cells were treated for 24 h with PMA/Iono and changes to viral gene expression assessed by RT-qPCR. Lytically-infected Jurkat are demarked by the shaded region to differentiate from persistently-infected cells. Four infected BJAB, three infected KE37, and two infected Jurkat replicate infections are shown. Fold change is shown over untreated samples (set to 1). Dashed gray line shows the line of fold change = 1. Error bars show standard deviation in replicate wells