Fig. 1

Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway by TGEV replication. a IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 10 μg/mL poly(I:C) or sterile PBS (negative control) for 12 h. The cells were infected with TGEV at an MOI of 1. Subsequently, TGEV mRNA levels were measured by real-time PCR at 36 h post-TGEV infection, using β-actin as an internal reference gene. b ST cells and IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with pNF-κB-Luc (0.5 μg) and pRL-TK (0.025 μg). After 12 h, the cells were treated with 10 μg/mL poly(I:C). At 24 h post-transfection, the cells were infected with TGEV at an MOI of 1. At 12, 24, and 36 h post-TGEV infection, cell extracts were prepared for luciferase activity assay. c ST and IPEC-J2 cells were transfected with pNF-κB-Luc (0.5 μg) and pRL-TK (0.025 μg). After 12 h, cells were treated with poly (I:C). At 24 h post-transfection, the cells were infected with TGEV at an MOI of 0.01, 0.1, or 1 for 24 h and luciferase activity was measured. Results are representative of three independent experiments. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD). *P values < 0.05 and **P values < 0.01 were considered to be statistically significant and highly significant, respectively