Evidence of high EEHV antibody seroprevalence and spatial variation among captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) in Thailand

Table 5 Univariable regression analysis of potential risk factors for the presence of EEHV antibodies in elephants sampled throughout Thailand between 2010 and 2015 (n = 994) based on an EEHV1A glycoprotein B protein antigen specific ELISA

Potential risk factors	Prevalence (%)	p-Value	OR	95% CI
Sex
Female (n = 678)	40.2	Ref	1	NA
Male (n = 316)	46.5	0.06	1.29	0.98–1.68
Age category (year)
< 10 (n = 73)	43.8	Ref	1	NA
10–50 (n = 797)	41.5	0.70	0.91	0.56–1.48
> 50 (n = 124)	45.9	0.77	1.09	0.61–1.95
Management type
Extensive (n = 505)	47.1	Ref	1	NA
Intensive (n = 489)	37.2	0.00	0.66	0.51–0.85
Region
North (n = 435)	49.4	Ref	1	NA
Central (n = 76)	22.4	< 0.00	0.29	0.16–0.51
East (n = 207)	37.7	0.00	0.61	0.44–0.86
Northeast (n = 62)	33.9	0.02	0.52	0.29–0.90
South (n = 82)	43.9	0.36	0.80	0.49–1.28
West (n = 132)	40.2	0.06	0.68	0.46–1.01
Camp cluster^a
< 10 (n = 19)	57.9	Ref	1	NA
10–50 (n = 372)	44.0	0.24	0.57	0.21–1.44
> 50 (n = 603)	40.6	0.13	0.49	0.19–1.24
Evaluation period
Apr-Oct (n = 824)	40.9	Ref	1	NA
Nov-Mar (n = 170)	48.8	0.37	1.24	0.76–2.01

Ref reference category, NA not applicable, OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval
^aDefined as number of camps (i.e., those within a radius of 2 km) that shared resources like a river, road or land area, or working area during the day

ISSN: 1743-422X