Fig. 1

3D structure with mutations acquired during adaption of FMDV strains A₂₄ Cruzeiro and O₁ Manisa. Panels (a), (b), and (c) present detailed structural models of the virus capsid pentamers. The X-ray crystal structure of 1FOD served as template for the 3D models. The structure of a single protomer is highlighted in panel (a) (blue: VP1, green: VP2, red: VP3). While O₁ Manisa (panel a) acquired the same three mutations in the VP1 region of the capsid (K210E: yellow dots, E83K: orange dots, K41 N: red dots) independent of the culture system, A₂₄ Cruzeiro developed different mutations in VP1 (blue dots) and VP3 (red dots) in adherent cell culture (panel c) and suspension cell culture (panel b). However, these mutations lie in similar locations on the particle