Figure 2

Aqueous P. vulgaris extracts inhibit both X4 and R5 HIV-1. A) Dose response curves of extract inhibition of X4 virus NL4-3 (squares), R5 virus AD8 (triangles) and dual tropic 256 virus (circles). Cytotoxicity of extract was performed in parallel in uninfected cells (open squares). Infections were maintained for forty hours. Cells were fixed and immunostained for HIV antigens and number of HIV antigen-positive cells enumerated. Data are presented as the percent of control infections that did not have extract added. Shown are the averages and standard errors of three experiments performed in triplicate. B) Log-log plot of HIV-1 NL4-3 replication in the presence of aqueous P. vulgaris extract. Extract was incubated with 1.15 × 10⁵ infectious virions and the mixture serially diluted in media containing appropriate amounts of extract and added to HeLa37 cells. Infected cells were maintained for 40 hours, fixed and immunostained for HIV antigens as described in A. Shown are the averages and standard errors of three experiments performed in triplicate.