Ferrets develop fatal influenza after inhaling small particle aerosols of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1)

Lednicky, John A; Hamilton, Sara B; Tuttle, Richard S; Sosna, William A; Daniels, Deirdre E; Swayne, David E

doi:10.1186/1743-422X-7-231

Virology Journal

Table 2 Outcomes of IN instillations of three different H5N1 influenza viruses in ferrets.

From: Ferrets develop fatal influenza after inhaling small particle aerosols of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1)

Virus	Dose^a (TCID50 units/ferret)	Clinical signs			Inactivity index^e	Neurologic signs and related observations	Lethality^h	Virus titerⁱ		Isolation of H5N1 from rectal swab specimens on indicated day postinfection
		Maximum weight loss^b(%)	Weight at termination^c(%)	Maximum T increase^d(°C)				Nasal washes on indicated day postinfection
								day 3	day 5	day 3	day 5
VN/04	4.9 × 101	-4.21	-3.71	1.5	2	None observed	12(t)	2	2	+	+
	4.9 × 10¹	-20.03	-20.03	1.6	4	Ataxia^f; shaking of head	12(e)	1	-	+	+
	4.9 × 10¹	NA	+9.68	NA	2	None observed	12(t)	-	-	-	-
	4.9 × 10²	-2.36	-2.36	2.0	2	None observed	12(t)	2.9	3	+	+
	4.9 × 10²	-9.18	-9.18	1.4	2	Ataxia	7(e)	1.9	3	+	+
	4.9 × 10³	-0.78	+1.82	1.3	2	None observed	12(t)	1.9	1.5	+	+
	4.9 × 10³	-3.85	+5.20	0.7	2	None observed	12(t)	2.9	1.9	+	+
	4.9 × 10⁴	-21.64	-21.64	2.0	4	Ataxia; convulsions^g	5(e)	4	4	+	+
	4.9 × 10⁴	-12.16	-12.16	3.0	2	Ataxia; convulsions	5(e)	4	3	+	+
MO/05	4.9 × 10¹	-1.23	-0.82	1.0	1	None observed	Non-lethal	3.9	2.9	+	+
	4.9 × 10¹	-4.95	No change	2.3	1	None observed	Non-lethal	6.9	5.9	ND^j	+
	4.9 × 10¹	-15.57	-10.75	2.4	2	None observed	Non-lethal	3	3	+	+
	4.9 × 10²	-3.99	+0.59	0.8	2	None observed	Non-lethal	4	5.9	+	+
	4.9 × 10²	-3.79	-2.01	1.4	1	None observed	Non-lethal	4	4	+	+
	4.9 × 10³	-5.64	-3.88	1.2	2	None observed	Non-lethal	7	8	+	+
	4.9 × 10³	-3.86	-2.45	1.1	2	None observed	Non-lethal	4	3.9	+	+
	4.9 × 10⁴	-13.58	-7.04	1.7	2	None observed	Non-lethal	6	4.7	+	ND
	4.9 × 10⁴	-12.85	-0.58	1.8	2	None observed	Non-lethal	6	5	+	+
IQ06	4.9 × 10¹	-7.28	+3.64	0.4	1	None observed	Non-lethal	4	3	-	-
	4.9 × 10¹	-0.24	+2.87	1.6	1	None observed	Non-lethal	1.9	1.9	-	-
	4.9 × 10¹	-0.59	+3.4	2.0	1	None observed	Non-lethal	3	1.9	-	-
	4.9 × 10²	-1.0	+3.39	1.0	2	None observed	Non-lethal	1.9	1.9	-	-
	4.9 × 10²	-2.85	-1.83	1.9	2	None observed	Non-lethal	2	1.9	-	-
	4.9 × 10³	-0.96	+0.24	1.9	2	None observed	Non-lethal	2.9	5	-	-
	4.9 × 10³	-1.2	-1.2	2.1	1	None observed	Non-lethal	6	7	-	ND
	4.9 × 10⁴	-5.4	-5.44	2.1	2	None observed	Non-lethal	6	5	-	-
	4.9 × 10⁴	-1.16	-1.05	1.8	2	None observed	Non-lethal	6	6	-	-

^aBased on TCID₅₀ in Mv1-Lu cells.
^b,cCompared to body weight at day 0.
^dCompared to baseline temperature.
^eHighest inactivity index value in one observation prior to death or euthanasia.
^fAtaxia; incoordination and unsteadiness.
^gConvulsions; involuntary muscular contractions.
^hLethality; Day ferret euthanized (e) for humanitarian reasons or terminated (t) at end of study
ⁱValues for each animal are expressed as virus titers (log₁₀ TCID₅₀/mL) obtained using Mv1 Lu cells.
^jND; Not determined due to destruction of the cellular monolayer by another virus.

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ISSN: 1743-422X

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