Figure 2

Tagged RT-PCR for strand-specific detection of DWV RNA. Total RNAs extracted from bees with deformed wings. The negative and positive-strand cDNAs that were generated by tag-forward primers or tag-reverse primers in reverse transcription, respectively, were consistently amplified by PCR using a pair of tag-primer and reverse primer (lane 2), a single reverse primer (lane 3), a pair of tag-primer and forward primer (lane 4), or a single forward primer (lane 5). Water was used as a negative control (lane 6) and a plasmid with DWV fragment was used as a positive control (lane 7). A 100-bp ladder was loaded into lane 1. The arrow on the right indicates the expected 702 bp RT-PCR products.