Figure 1

TULV inhibits ERK1/2 cell survival pathway in Vero E6 cells. A. In order to determine the relationship between TULV-induced apoptosis and ERK1/2 activity, Vero E6 cells were infected with 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5 or 1.0 multiplicity of infection (MOI) of TULV or mock-infected with fresh cell culture medium. B. Vero E6 were also treated (+) or non-treated (-) with a cell death-inducing concentration of TNF-α (100 ng/ml). Cells were collected at 11 days post infection or post TNF-α addition and 100 μg of protein lysate immunoblotted to detect cleaved PARP, phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), total ERK1/2 and hantavirus nucleocapsid protein N. Virus titers were determined as focus forming units (FFU) from conditioned media of infected cell cultures. Error bars for virus-titer measurements represent standard deviation. Experiments showing ERK1/2 dephosphorylation in TULV-infected cells are representative of multiple studies.