Figure 1

Type I interferon production signals through IRF3 and IRF7. Double stranded RNA is recognized by RIG-I and MDA5 in the cytoplasm and double stranded RNA is recognized in the endosome by TLR3. The resulting signal cascades all utilize IRF 3 and 7 to first promote transcription of IFN-β, which positively feeds back via STAT1/STAT2/IRF9 to promote transcription of IRF7, which promotes transcription of IFN-α.